Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains the most frequent pediatric malignancy, accounting for approximately 34% of all pediatric cancers, with remarkable improvements in survival (approximately 85%) due to advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and supportive care. However, as survival rates have increased, new challenges have emerged—particularly the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among survivors. This review compiles evidence from the past decade on the relationship between leukemia treatment, obesity, and metabolic risk. The findings indicate that cranial radiotherapy, corticosteroid use, and younger age at diagnosis are key risk factors for excessive weight gain and long-term metabolic disturbances. Genetic factors such as FTO, MC4R, and LEPR polymorphisms may further influence susceptibility to obesity. Nutritional analyses highlight poor diet quality, insufficient micronutrient intake, and high-fat, energy-dense dietary patterns in survivors. Beyond endocrine dysfunction, obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and reduced quality of life. Personalized medicine approaches—integrating genomics, metabolomics, and lifestyle data—hold promise for targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Early detection, continuous metabolic monitoring, and health education remain essential components in the long-term management of childhood leukemia survivors. In this review, we analyzed the dietary patterns of children and long-term leukemia survivors explaining why higher rates of obesity and comorbidities appear during or after treatments, and discussed interventions to prevent these conditions.
急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）作为最常见的儿童恶性肿瘤，约占所有儿童癌症的34%。随着化疗、放疗及支持治疗的进步，其生存率显著提高（约达85%）。然而，随着生存率的提升，新的挑战随之显现——尤其是幸存者中肥胖与代谢综合征的患病率日益增高。本综述汇集了近十年来关于白血病治疗、肥胖与代谢风险关系的证据。研究结果表明，颅脑放疗、皮质类固醇使用及诊断年龄较小是体重过度增加和长期代谢紊乱的关键风险因素。FTO、MC4R和LEPR等基因多态性可能进一步影响肥胖易感性。营养学分析显示幸存者存在饮食质量低下、微量营养素摄入不足及高脂肪高能量膳食模式等问题。除内分泌功能障碍外，肥胖与代谢综合征还伴随着心血管疾病发病率升高和生活质量下降。整合基因组学、代谢组学与生活方式数据的个体化医疗方法，为针对性预防和干预策略提供了新方向。早期检测、持续代谢监测及健康教育仍是儿童白血病幸存者长期管理的重要组成部分。本综述通过分析儿童及长期白血病幸存者的膳食模式，阐释了治疗期间或治疗后肥胖及相关并发症高发的原因，并对预防这些状况的干预措施进行了探讨。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家