The overall survival rate of brain malignancies such as glioblastoma is currently a little under two years, at most, and treatment options for malignant brain tumors have demonstrated limited efficacy. The current standard of care to treat brain cancer includes surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. Historically, an observed interaction between malignancies and concurrent viral infection has shown therapeutic potential that can perhaps be better leveraged in brain cancer with the technological advances that we have today. We aim to discuss a variety of viral vector designs to harness their oncolytic potential and explore how some of these ideas have performed in clinical trials. In our review, three major viral candidates that have gained traction in this field of research—Herpes simplex virus-1, adenovirus, and poliovirus—are highlighted. How the field has manipulated aspects of their virology and combined these viral platforms with other immune modulating strategies to treat both adult and pediatric tumors is also surveyed. Finally, the work exploring the possibility of other neurotropic viral candidates has been elaborated. More insight into the biological interactions between tumor, brain, and body is needed to address this particularly difficult clinical challenge. While there is still no clear, effective treatment for brain malignancies, the utilization of oncolytic viruses shows potential both as a treatment and as a tool to better understand the immune microenvironment of this pathology.
目前，胶质母细胞瘤等脑部恶性肿瘤的总体生存期最多不超过两年，恶性脑肿瘤的治疗方案疗效有限。当前脑癌的标准治疗包括手术切除、放疗和化疗。历史上，恶性肿瘤与并发病毒感染之间观察到的相互作用显示出治疗潜力，结合当今技术进步，或许能更好地应用于脑癌治疗。本文旨在探讨多种病毒载体设计，以利用其溶瘤潜力，并分析部分方案在临床试验中的表现。本综述重点介绍了该研究领域中备受关注的三种主要候选病毒：单纯疱疹病毒-1型、腺病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒，同时梳理了该领域如何通过改造病毒学特性，并将这些病毒平台与其他免疫调节策略相结合，以治疗成人和儿童脑肿瘤。此外，本文还详细阐述了其他嗜神经性候选病毒的探索性研究。要应对这一极具挑战性的临床难题，需要更深入地理解肿瘤、大脑与机体之间的生物学相互作用。尽管目前仍缺乏明确有效的脑恶性肿瘤治疗方案，但溶瘤病毒的应用不仅展现出治疗潜力，更有助于深入理解该疾病的免疫微环境。
Oncolytic Virus Therapies in Malignant Gliomas: Advances and Clinical Trials
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家