Background/Objectives:In Europe, over 80% of children diagnosed with cancer survive at least 5 years. To improve cancer monitoring, the Paediatric Population-Based Cancer Registry (PCRM) was established in the Community of Madrid. This study aimed to describe population-based 1-, 3- and 5-year survival for children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer, by sex, age, tumour type and stage at diagnosis.Methods:Data were extracted from the PCRM, which reviews all cases identified through integrated primary care, hospital discharge, and mortality data, using electronic medical records. Patients aged 0–19 diagnosed with primary malignant cancer between 2015 and 2018 were included, with follow-up for vital status through October 2024. Stage was classified using the 2014 Toronto Childhood Cancer Staging Guidelines (tier 2). Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate survival, and log-rank tests assessed group differences. Cox regression was used to quantify the effect of localized vs. advanced disease.Results:The analysis included 862 patients. Most frequent cancers were leukaemia (24.1%), lymphomas (22.2%) and central nervous system (CNS) tumours (12.6%). Stage was assigned to 88.4% tumours. Overall survival was 93.6% in 1 year and 85.9% in 5 years. Five-year survival was 83.7% for leukaemia, 97.4% for lymphomas, 66.1% for CNS tumours; 85.8% in boys vs. 85.9% in girls (p= 0.908); 85.2% in children aged 0–14 years vs. 87.8% in adolescents aged 15–19 years (p= 0.314); and 69.9% for advanced vs. 89.7% for early-stage (p< 0.001), with a 3.3-fold higher mortality risk.Conclusions:This population-based study offers promising survival estimates reaching 86% globally at 5 years while revealing differences by cancer type and stage. It also highlights the Toronto Guidelines as a valuable tool for standardizing cancer registry methods and providing useful epidemiological indicators.
背景/目的：在欧洲，超过80%被诊断患有癌症的儿童至少能存活5年。为完善癌症监测体系，马德里自治区建立了基于人群的儿科癌症登记系统（PCRM）。本研究旨在按性别、年龄、肿瘤类型及诊断分期，描述儿童及青少年癌症患者基于人群的1年、3年及5年生存率。 方法：数据来源于PCRM系统，该系统通过整合初级诊疗、住院出院及死亡数据，利用电子病历对所有病例进行核查。研究纳入2015年至2018年间确诊为原发性恶性肿瘤的0-19岁患者，并随访至2024年10月以确定生存状态。肿瘤分期采用2014年《多伦多儿童癌症分期指南》（第二层级）进行分类。使用Kaplan-Meier法估算生存率，Log-rank检验评估组间差异，Cox回归模型量化局部与晚期疾病的影响。 结果：研究共纳入862例患者。最常见的癌症类型为白血病（24.1%）、淋巴瘤（22.2%）和中枢神经系统肿瘤（12.6%）。88.4%的肿瘤获得明确分期。总生存率1年为93.6%，5年为85.9%。按疾病类型分：白血病5年生存率为83.7%，淋巴瘤为97.4%，中枢神经系统肿瘤为66.1%；按性别分：男性85.8% vs 女性85.9%（p=0.908）；按年龄分：0-14岁儿童85.2% vs 15-19岁青少年87.8%（p=0.314）；按分期分：晚期69.9% vs 早期89.7%（p<0.001），晚期患者死亡风险是早期的3.3倍。 结论：这项基于人群的研究显示5年总生存率达到86%，结果令人鼓舞，同时揭示了不同癌症类型和分期间的生存差异。研究还证实《多伦多指南》是标准化癌症登记方法、提供有效流行病学指标的重要工具。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家