Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone-based cancer in both the US and the world in children, teenagers, and young adults. It is an aggressive form of sarcoma which forms mainly in the long bones of the legs and arms, often metastasizing prior to diagnosis. Every year across the globe, there are approximately 28,000 new cases, yet this sarcoma remains difficult to manage with standard treatments, partly due to its solid and immune resistant tumor microenvironment (TME). The quantity of research conducted on OS because of these difficulties has greatly increased over the past decade, meaning a comprehensive review of new findings on the TME may prove beneficial. This article aims to give a broad overview of the components of the TME of osteosarcoma, discuss its resistances and detrimental effects, and illustrate current and future immune therapy treatments which effectively target the microenvironment. Additionally, it will seek to highlight any knowledge gaps in the current literature and propose further studies to improve clinical outcomes. These studies could be beneficial in increasing drug and treatment efficacy for OS.
骨肉瘤（OS）是美国乃至全球范围内儿童、青少年及年轻成人中最常见的原发性骨恶性肿瘤。作为一种侵袭性肉瘤，其主要发生于四肢长骨，常在确诊前已发生转移。全球每年新增病例约28,000例，但由于其致密且具有免疫抵抗性的肿瘤微环境（TME），标准化治疗方案仍难以有效控制病情。近十年来，针对这些治疗困境的骨肉瘤研究大幅增加，这意味着对肿瘤微环境新发现进行系统性梳理具有重要意义。本文旨在全面概述骨肉瘤肿瘤微环境的构成要素，探讨其耐药机制及病理影响，并阐述当前及未来针对该微环境的免疫治疗策略。同时，本文还将指出现有研究的知识空白领域，提出可改善临床疗效的后续研究方向，这些探索有望提升骨肉瘤药物及治疗策略的有效性。
Exploring the Tumor Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma: Driver of Resistance and Progression
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家