Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management has evolved remarkably with the advent of diverse therapeutic options, particularly systemic and surgical treatments. Combination immunotherapy has redefined the treatment paradigm for advanced HCC and contributed to improved patient outcomes. However, this brings forth challenges such as immune-related adverse events that complicate decision-making. Surgical strategies have expanded with the emergence of conversion therapy and borderline resectability, offering curative potential for a broader patient population. However, robust evidence of their long-term efficacy is lacking. Therefore, decision-making biomarkers have gained prominence across treatment modalities. This review explores the current landscape of predictive, prognostic, and treatment-response biomarkers in HCC, from molecular and immune signatures to radiological and biochemical markers, highlighting their role in optimizing therapeutic strategies. By integrating recent advances in basic and translational research with clinical practice, we aim to outline a biomarker-driven framework for individualized care in HCC.
随着多种治疗手段特别是全身性治疗与外科手术的进展，肝细胞癌（HCC）的治疗模式已发生显著变革。联合免疫疗法重塑了晚期HCC的治疗范式，改善了患者预后，但同时也带来了免疫相关不良事件等影响临床决策的挑战。外科治疗策略因转化治疗与临界可切除概念的提出而不断拓展，为更广泛的患者群体提供了根治可能，但其长期疗效仍缺乏充分证据支持。在此背景下，决策性生物标志物在各治疗领域的重要性日益凸显。本文综述了当前HCC预测性、预后性及治疗反应性生物标志物的研究进展，涵盖分子特征、免疫标志物、影像学指标及生化标记物，重点探讨其在优化治疗策略中的作用。通过整合基础转化研究与临床实践的最新成果，我们旨在构建以生物标志物为导向的HCC个体化诊疗框架。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家