Understanding the relative contribution of modifiable risk factors to cancer morbidity and mortality is crucial for designing effective cancer prevention and control strategies. Our study estimated cancer-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Australia using data from the Global Burden of Diseases 2021 study. In 2021, an estimated 20,409 cancer deaths (37.5%) and 431,575 cancer DALYs lost (37.9%) in Australia were attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors. Males had higher modifiable risk attributed to cancer death and DALY rates than females. Behavioral risks accounted for 25.0% of cancer deaths and 26.5% of DALYs. Metabolic risks and environmental/occupational risks accounted for 9.4% and 9.3% of deaths, respectively. Smoking remained the leading attributable risk factor, accounting for 12.2% cancer deaths and 13.1% DALYs lost. Dietary risks accounted for 40.0% of colorectal cancer deaths and DALYs lost. Cervical, larynx, liver, lung, and colorectal cancers had a high proportion of deaths and DALYs lost attributed to modifiable risks. Liver and nasopharyngeal cancers had the highest burden attributed to alcohol use (39.1% and 39.0%, respectively), while 21.3% liver cancer deaths were attributed to drug use. Strengthening public health interventions, such as multi-disciplinary approaches to promote a healthy lifestyle, is required.
了解可改变风险因素对癌症发病率和死亡率的相对贡献，对于设计有效的癌症预防与控制策略至关重要。本研究基于《2021年全球疾病负担研究》数据，评估了澳大利亚可改变风险因素导致的癌症相关死亡及伤残调整寿命年损失。2021年澳大利亚估计有20,409例癌症死亡（37.5%）和431,575伤残调整寿命年损失（37.9%）可归因于潜在可改变风险因素。男性因可改变风险导致的癌症死亡率及伤残调整寿命年损失率均高于女性。行为风险分别占癌症死亡和伤残调整寿命年损失的25.0%和26.5%，代谢风险与环境/职业风险分别占死亡病例的9.4%和9.3%。吸烟仍是首要归因风险因素，导致12.2%的癌症死亡和13.1%的伤残调整寿命年损失。饮食风险占结直肠癌死亡及伤残调整寿命年损失的40.0%。宫颈癌、喉癌、肝癌、肺癌和结直肠癌的死亡及伤残调整寿命年损失中，可归因于可改变风险的比例较高。酒精使用对肝癌和鼻咽癌的疾病负担贡献最大（分别为39.1%和39.0%），而21.3%的肝癌死亡可归因于药物使用。亟需加强公共卫生干预措施，例如通过多学科方法促进健康生活方式。
Cancer Burden Attributable to Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in Australia
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家