Background: In September of 2024, the 2nd annual meeting of the Strategic Advances in Sarcoma Science (SASS) convened at the National Institutes of Health. This gathering of national sarcoma experts focused on preclinical studies, clinical trials, opportunities, challenges, and future directions in sarcoma biology and clinical care with a focus on immunotherapy. The Immunology in Sarcoma breakout group conducted a dedicated discussion focused on the current and future implementation of adoptive cellular therapies (ACTs) in sarcomas. The current manuscript summarizes these discussions and provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians. Results: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown encouraging results in sarcomas with afami-cel achieving durable responses in synovial sarcoma and early TCR-T trials against NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A4 demonstrating meaningful response rates. Building on these outcomes will require discovering new targets, selecting optimal cell types, refining conditioning regimens, combining with alternative treatment strategies such as TKIs, and leveraging predictive biomarkers informed by a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: Sarcomas are promising targets for adoptive cell therapy (ACT), as shown by afami-cel’s success in synovial sarcoma, but broader impact requires new target discovery, optimal cell selection, improved conditioning, combination treatments, deeper tumor microenvironment understanding, and predictive biomarkers to achieve more durable responses for more patients.
背景：2024年9月，第二届肉瘤科学战略进展年会在美国国立卫生研究院召开。本次全国肉瘤专家会议聚焦肉瘤生物学与临床治疗中的临床前研究、临床试验、机遇挑战及未来发展方向，重点关注免疫治疗领域。肉瘤免疫学专题小组围绕过继性细胞疗法在肉瘤治疗中的当前应用与未来前景进行了深入研讨。本文旨在系统总结会议讨论内容，为科研人员与临床医生提供全面参考。 结果：过继性细胞疗法在肉瘤治疗中已显现积极成果——阿法米赛尔在滑膜肉瘤中实现持续缓解，针对NY-ESO-1和MAGE-A4的早期TCR-T试验亦显示出显著应答率。要在此基础上取得突破，需着力于新靶点发现、最佳细胞类型筛选、预处理方案优化、与酪氨酸激酶抑制剂等替代疗法的联合应用，并通过对肿瘤微环境的深入解析开发预测性生物标志物。 结论：阿法米赛尔在滑膜肉瘤治疗中的成功表明，肉瘤是过继性细胞疗法的潜力治疗领域。但要扩大该疗法的受益范围，需要在新靶点发现、细胞优选、预处理方案改进、联合治疗策略、肿瘤微环境深度解析及预测性生物标志物开发等方面持续突破，从而为更多患者实现更持久的治疗应答。
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