Proteins and peptides play a pivotal role in key pathological processes, including cancer growth, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Consequently, they are gaining attention as significant biomolecules in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research trends and technological advancements in protein- and peptide-based cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. It covers the clinical application of major diagnostic markers such as PSA, CA125, HER2, and AFP, as well as therapeutic strategies including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and anticancer peptides. Additionally, it introduces quantitative analysis techniques such as ELISA, mass spectrometry, and CyTOF, as well as advancements in delivery systems based on nanoparticle–peptide complexes. Peptides offer advantages for precision therapy due to their high target specificity and structural modifiability. However, they also have limitations such as stability, enzymatic degradation, and delivery efficiency. Emerging technologies such as synthetic biology, computational design, and omics-integrated analysis are being developed to address these challenges, and rapid advancements in this field are enhancing the potential for clinical application. This review underscores the potential of protein- and peptide-based strategies for precision cancer diagnosis and personalized therapy and proposes future research directions in this field.
蛋白质与多肽在癌症生长、免疫逃逸、血管生成及转移等关键病理过程中发挥核心作用，因此作为重要的生物分子在多种疾病的诊断与治疗领域日益受到关注。本综述系统梳理了基于蛋白质和多肽的癌症诊断与治疗策略的最新研究进展与技术动态，涵盖PSA、CA125、HER2、AFP等主要诊断标志物的临床应用，以及单克隆抗体、免疫检查点抑制剂、抗癌多肽等治疗策略。同时介绍了ELISA、质谱分析、CyTOF等定量分析技术，以及基于纳米颗粒-多肽复合物的递送系统进展。多肽因其高靶向特异性和结构可修饰性，在精准治疗中展现出独特优势，但也存在稳定性、酶解抗性及递送效率等方面的局限。为应对这些挑战，合成生物学、计算设计及多组学整合分析等新兴技术正在快速发展，推动该领域临床转化潜力的快速提升。本文着重探讨了蛋白质与多肽策略在癌症精准诊断与个体化治疗中的应用前景，并展望了该领域的未来研究方向。
Protein and Peptide in Cancer Research: From Biomarker to Biotherapeutics
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家