Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. It is a significant health and social issue affecting 2.3 million women worldwide. Breast cancer is caused by various factors, including gender, age, race, genetics, hormonal balance, obesity, alcohol and many others. A crucial issue related to breast cancer is the impact of diet on the development of the disease. Dietary fats play a key role. Saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids increase the risk of breast cancer, while polyunsaturated fatty acids have a protective effect. A high-protein diet reduces the risk of breast cancer and improves prognosis among patients. The role of carbohydrates remains unclear, but women may benefit from reducing their intake of high glycemic index foods. Among the macronutrients influencing the development and progression of breast cancer are calcium and magnesium. Adopting a Mediterranean diet may offer benefits. Among the factors influencing the development of breast cancer, the gastrointestinal microbiota is also noteworthy. Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, support treatment, reduce side effects and improve patients’ quality of life. Chronic stress also contributes to the development of breast cancer by affecting the nervous, hormonal and immune systems, disrupting the body’s homeostasis.
乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，作为影响全球230万女性的重大健康与社会问题，其发病机制涉及性别、年龄、种族、遗传、激素水平、肥胖、饮酒等多重因素。在乳腺癌相关研究中，饮食对疾病发展的影响尤为关键：膳食脂肪中饱和脂肪酸与反式脂肪酸会增加患病风险，而多不饱和脂肪酸则具有保护作用；高蛋白饮食可降低乳腺癌发病率并改善患者预后；碳水化合物作用尚不明确，但减少高升糖指数食物摄入可能使女性获益。在影响乳腺癌发生发展的宏量营养素中，钙与镁的作用值得关注，采用地中海饮食模式可能带来益处。此外，胃肠道微生物群亦是乳腺癌发生的重要影响因素。规律体育锻炼不仅能降低乳腺癌发病风险，还可辅助治疗、减轻副作用并提升患者生活质量。慢性应激则通过影响神经、内分泌及免疫系统，破坏机体稳态，进而促进乳腺癌发展。
Lifestyle and Breast Cancer: Prevention and Treatment Support
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家