Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of myeloid precursors and rapid progression. Historically consisting of intensive chemotherapy, AML management has evolved significantly due to advances in molecular diagnostics and risk stratification. This review discusses current therapeutic paradigms in AML, emphasizing the growing role of personalized medicine across age and risk groups. For younger, fit patients, intensive regimens such as the “7 + 3” protocol remain the standard, often enhanced by targeted agents like FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and IDH inhibitors. Older or unfit individuals benefit from low-intensity treatments such as hypomethylating agents combined with venetoclax, now considered a frontline standard of care. The use of liposomal chemotherapy (CPX-351), measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring, and maintenance therapy further refine post-remission strategies. Emerging therapies, including menin inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, and immunotherapies like CAR-T cells and vaccines, offer additional options, especially in relapsed/refractory settings. This comprehensive review outlines the current landscape and future directions in AML therapy, emphasizing the transition toward individualized, mutation-driven treatment strategies.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种侵袭性血液系统恶性肿瘤，其特征为髓系前体细胞的克隆性增殖及快速进展。传统上以强化化疗为主的AML治疗，随着分子诊断和风险分层技术的进步已发生显著变革。本综述探讨了AML的当前治疗模式，强调个体化医疗在不同年龄和风险群体中日益重要的作用。对于年轻、体能状态良好的患者，以“7+3”方案为代表的强化化疗仍是标准疗法，并常联合FMS样酪氨酸激酶3（FLT3）抑制剂、IDH抑制剂等靶向药物进行强化。老年或不耐受强化疗的患者则从低强度治疗方案中获益，如去甲基化药物联合维奈克拉，现已成为一线治疗标准。脂质体化疗药物（CPX-351）、可测量残留病（MRD）监测及维持治疗进一步优化了缓解后治疗策略。新兴疗法如menin抑制剂、抗体偶联药物以及CAR-T细胞和疫苗等免疫疗法，尤其在复发/难治性患者中提供了更多选择。本综述系统阐述了AML治疗的现状与未来方向，强调治疗策略正朝着个体化、突变驱动的方向转变。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家