Background: Ultrasonography is frequently used preoperatively to assess thyroid nodules. Hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, high vascularity, or irregular tumor shape suggest malignancy. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 724 patients from 2008 to 2024 who underwent surgery for TC. Preoperative data, ultrasonographic findings, and histopathological results were collected. Ultrasonographic features indicative of possible malignancy included hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, high vascularity, and irregular tumor shape. These were correlated with histopathologically seen extrathyroidal extension, capsular and vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Results: A statistically significant association was seen for each of the evaluated ultrasonographic features (p< 0.05). More advanced TC had a greater number of suspicious ultrasonographic features averaging 3.05 to 3.12. Microcalcifications, high vascularity, and irregular tumor shape showed a strong correlation (r > 0.7) with all histopathological features. Hypoechogenicity had a strong correlation with lymph node metastasis and a moderate correlation (r = 0.5–0.7) with other features. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic features predict the likelihood of histopathological extrathyroidal extension, capsular and vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis.
背景：超声检查常用于术前评估甲状腺结节。低回声、微钙化、高血供或肿瘤形态不规则提示恶性可能。方法：本研究回顾性分析了2008年至2024年间724例接受甲状腺癌手术的患者资料，收集其术前数据、超声检查结果及组织病理学报告。提示可能恶性的超声特征包括低回声、微钙化、高血供及肿瘤形态不规则，并将其与组织病理学观察到的甲状腺外侵犯、被膜及血管浸润和淋巴结转移进行相关性分析。结果：所有评估的超声特征均显示出统计学显著相关性（p<0.05）。进展期甲状腺癌具有更多可疑超声特征，平均达3.05至3.12个。微钙化、高血供和肿瘤形态不规则与所有组织病理学特征均呈强相关性（r>0.7），低回声与淋巴结转移呈强相关，与其他特征呈中等程度相关（r=0.5–0.7）。结论：超声特征可预测组织病理学甲状腺外侵犯、被膜及血管浸润和淋巴结转移的可能性。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家