Failure to rescue (FTR), defined as death following a potentially treatable postoperative complication, has emerged as a critical quality metric in thoracic surgery. In patients undergoing lung cancer resection, who are often at high risk due to comorbidities and limited pulmonary reserve, FTR significantly influences morbidity, mortality, recovery, and overall quality of life. This review explores the multifactorial nature of FTR in lung cancer surgery, highlighting key patient-related and system-level risk factors, such as surgical complexity, delayed complication recognition, inadequate escalation of care, and limited critical care resources. Existing models for patient rescue emphasize early detection and timely intervention, but often overlook the institutional and cultural changes required for sustainable improvement. Building on current evidence and integrating Kotter’s eight-step change model, we propose a novel multidimensional roadmap to reduce FTR through proactive monitoring, structured escalation protocols, multidisciplinary coordination, and continuous learning. Finally, reducing FTR in lung cancer resection requires more than clinical responsiveness. This necessitates a systemic transformation that aligns frontline practice with institutional readiness and a culture of safety.
救治失败（FTR）被定义为潜在可治疗的术后并发症导致的死亡，已成为胸外科手术中一项关键的质量指标。在接受肺癌切除术的患者中，由于合并症和肺储备功能有限，患者通常面临高风险，FTR显著影响发病率、死亡率、康复过程及整体生活质量。本综述探讨了肺癌手术中FTR的多因素性质，重点分析了患者相关及系统层面的关键风险因素，如手术复杂性、并发症识别延迟、护理升级不足以及重症监护资源有限。现有的患者救治模型强调早期发现和及时干预，但往往忽视了可持续改进所需的制度和文化变革。基于现有证据并结合科特的八步变革模型，我们提出了一种新颖的多维路线图，通过主动监测、结构化升级方案、多学科协调和持续学习来降低FTR。最后，降低肺癌切除术中的FTR不仅需要临床响应能力，更需要系统性变革，将一线实践与机构准备状态及安全文化相结合。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家