Cervical cancer represents a significant global health challenge. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears to be a promising, minimally invasive alternative to standard treatments. However, the clinical efficacy of PDT is sometimes limited by the low solubility and aggregation of photosensitizers, their non-selective distribution in the body, hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, and limited light penetration. Recent advances in nanoparticle and nanocomposite platforms have addressed these challenges by integrating multiple functional components into a single delivery system. By encapsulating or conjugating photosensitizers in biodegradable matrices, such as mesoporous silica, organometallic structures and core–shell construct nanocarriers increase stability in water and extend circulation time, enabling both passive and active targeting through ligand decoration. Up-conversion and dual-wavelength responsive cores facilitate deep light conversion in tissues, while simultaneous delivery of hypoxia-modulating agents alleviates oxygen deprivation to sustain reactive oxygen species generation. Controllable “motor-cargo” constructs and surface modifications improve intratumoral diffusion, while aggregation-induced emission dyes and plasmonic elements support real-time imaging and quantitative monitoring of therapeutic response. Together, these multifunctional nanosystems have demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in vitro and significant tumor suppression in vivo in mouse models of cervical cancer. Combining targeted delivery, controlled release, hypoxia mitigation, and image guidance, engineered nanoparticles provide a versatile and powerful platform to overcome the current limitations of PDT and pave the way toward more effective, patient-specific treatments for cervical malignancies. Our review of the literature summarizes studies on nanoparticles and nanocomposites used in PDT monotherapy for cervical cancer, published between 2023 and July 2025.
宫颈癌是全球范围内一项重大的公共卫生挑战。光动力疗法作为一种微创治疗手段，展现出替代传统标准疗法的潜力。然而，光敏剂的水溶性低、易聚集、在体内分布缺乏选择性，以及肿瘤微环境缺氧和光穿透深度有限等因素，有时会制约光动力疗法的临床疗效。近年来，纳米颗粒和纳米复合平台通过将多种功能组件整合到单一递送系统中，有效应对了这些挑战。通过将光敏剂封装或偶联在可生物降解的基质中，例如介孔二氧化硅、有机金属结构以及核壳结构纳米载体，提高了其在水中的稳定性并延长了循环时间，同时借助配体修饰实现了被动与主动靶向。上转换和双波长响应核心促进了光在组织深部的转换，而同步递送的低氧调节剂则缓解了氧匮乏，维持了活性氧的生成。可控的“马达-货物”结构和表面修饰改善了肿瘤内扩散，聚集诱导发光染料和等离子体元件则支持治疗反应的实时成像与定量监测。这些多功能纳米系统已在宫颈癌小鼠模型中，于体外表现出强大的细胞毒性，并在体内显示出显著的肿瘤抑制效果。通过整合靶向递送、控释、缓解缺氧和影像引导，工程化纳米颗粒提供了一个多功能且强大的平台，以克服当前光动力疗法的局限性，并为开发更有效、更具患者特异性的宫颈恶性肿瘤治疗方案铺平道路。本文献综述总结了2023年至2025年7月间发表的，关于用于宫颈癌光动力疗法单一治疗的纳米颗粒和纳米复合材料的研究。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家