Background/Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is found throughout the environment and exposure to it has been shown to cause several health problems, including cancer. The problem with BPA is that it is a xenoestrogen that is chemically very similar to 17β-estradiol. Chronic exposure to BPA overstimulates the estrogen receptors and leads to inflammation that triggers several pathways leading to cancer progression. This is especially true in the case of hormone-sensitive breast cancers. This article reviewed the main pathways thought to be involved in the formation and/or progression of the most common forms of hormone-sensitive breast cancers due to BPA exposure. The main results were compiled and presented in tables along with a more detailed discussion of each pathway within the text. In most cases, chronic BPA exposure led to inflammation, which then triggered pathways leading to cancer stem cell formation and maintenance. In other cases, BPA exposure led to the formation of reactive oxygen species that damaged DNA and caused the formation of mutated p53 and tumorigenesis.Conclusions: The article summarizes the key pathways that are currently known, pertaining to how BPA leads to the progression and maintenance of breast cancer. The article then concludes by discussing how prenatal and perinatal BPA exposure may also predispose women to hormone-sensitive breast cancers later in life.
背景/目的：双酚A（BPA）广泛存在于环境中，已有研究表明接触该物质会导致多种健康问题，包括癌症。BPA的问题在于它是一种外源性雌激素，其化学结构与17β-雌二醇高度相似。长期接触BPA会过度刺激雌激素受体，引发炎症反应，进而激活多条促进癌症进展的信号通路。这在激素敏感性乳腺癌中尤为明显。本文综述了BPA暴露导致最常见类型激素敏感性乳腺癌形成和/或进展的主要相关通路，将核心研究结果整理为表格，并在正文中对各通路展开详细讨论。多数情况下，长期BPA暴露会引发炎症反应，进而激活导致癌症干细胞形成与维持的信号通路；其他情况下，BPA暴露会诱导活性氧生成，造成DNA损伤，导致p53基因突变及肿瘤发生。结论：本文系统总结了目前已知的BPA促进乳腺癌进展与维持的关键通路，并进一步探讨了产前及围产期BPA暴露可能增加女性未来罹患激素敏感性乳腺癌的风险。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家