文章：

动物毒液作为抗白血病与淋巴瘤的潜在抗肿瘤制剂

Animal Venoms as Potential Antitumor Agents Against Leukemia and Lymphoma

原文发布日期：14 July 2025

DOI: 10.3390/cancers17142331

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

Leukemias and lymphomas are hematologic malignancies characterized by complex pathophysiological mechanisms and increasing global incidence. Despite advances in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, challenges such as drug resistance and relapse persist, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This review explores the cytotoxic potential of venoms derived from snakes, bees, and scorpions against leukemia and lymphoma cells. Numerous venom-derived components, such as L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), phospholipases A2(PLA2s), and peptides like melittin, demonstrate selective antitumor activity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and immunomodulation. These molecules exert their effects via mitochondrial pathways, caspase activation, and inhibition of pro-survival signaling cascades such as NF-κB and PI3K/Akt. Despite promising preclinical results, the clinical translation of these bioactive compounds remains limited due to challenges in standardization, delivery, and safety profiling. This review highlights recent advances in venom research, summarizes key molecular targets, and discusses future directions to harness venom-derived molecules as innovative therapies for hematological cancers.

摘要翻译： 

白血病和淋巴瘤是血液系统恶性肿瘤，其病理生理机制复杂且全球发病率持续上升。尽管化疗、免疫治疗及靶向治疗已取得进展，但耐药性与复发等问题依然存在，亟需开发新型治疗策略。本文综述了蛇毒、蜂毒及蝎毒提取物对白血病和淋巴瘤细胞的细胞毒性潜力。多种毒液来源成分——如L-氨基酸氧化酶（LAAOs）、磷脂酶A2（PLA2s）以及蜂毒肽等——通过诱导氧化应激、促进细胞凋亡、阻滞细胞周期及免疫调节等机制，展现出选择性抗肿瘤活性。这些分子主要通过作用于线粒体通路、激活半胱天冬酶（caspase）、抑制核因子κB（NF-κB）和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K/Akt）等促生存信号级联反应发挥效应。尽管临床前研究结果令人鼓舞，但由于标准化制备、递送系统及安全性评估等方面的挑战，这些生物活性化合物的临床转化仍面临局限。本文系统梳理了毒液研究的最新进展，总结了关键分子靶点，并探讨了未来如何利用毒液来源分子开发血液系统肿瘤创新疗法的方向。

原文链接：

Animal Venoms as Potential Antitumor Agents Against Leukemia and Lymphoma