Despite significant advances in cancer therapy, the prognosis for patients with advanced, disseminated disease remains poor. This underscores the urgent need for novel treatments that not only eliminate tumor cells effectively but also stimulate a strong, durable anti-cancer immune response. Among emerging strategies, oncolytic viruses have shown exceptional promise due to their selective cytotoxicity and their ability to activate T cell-mediated immune responses. In this review, we focus on the vaccinia virus (VACV), a member of thePoxviridaefamily, which has emerged as a leading candidate in modern oncolytic immunotherapy. We examine the virus’s properties that enable it to evade antiviral defenses and serve as a versatile, potent oncolytic agent. Furthermore, we explore its interactions with various components of the immune system and how these contribute to the induction of a robust T cell-driven response. Finally, we assess current efforts to harness VACV for the treatment of various cancer types and highlight future directions where its application is most likely to succeed. Overall, our goal is to present VACV as a powerful and broadly applicable platform with the potential to transform the landscape of oncology.
尽管癌症治疗已取得显著进展，晚期转移性疾病患者的预后仍然不佳。这凸显了对新型治疗方法的迫切需求，这些方法不仅要能有效清除肿瘤细胞，还需能激发强大而持久的抗癌免疫反应。在众多新兴策略中，溶瘤病毒因其选择性细胞毒性及激活T细胞介导免疫反应的能力而展现出卓越前景。本综述聚焦于痘苗病毒（VACV）——痘病毒科家族成员，该病毒已成为现代溶瘤免疫疗法中的领先候选者。我们分析了该病毒能够逃逸抗病毒防御机制并作为多功能强效溶瘤载体的特性，进一步探讨其与免疫系统各组分的相互作用如何促进产生强大的T细胞驱动反应。最后，我们评估了当前利用VACV治疗各类癌症的研究进展，并展望其最具应用前景的未来发展方向。总体而言，本文旨在阐明VACV作为一个强大且具有广泛适用性的平台，有望重塑肿瘤治疗格局。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家