Ovarian tumors are rare in the pediatric population, yet they are the most common type of malignancy in tumors of the female genital tract. Both non-neoplastic and neoplastic ovarian lesions are seen in children and adolescents. Most pediatric ovarian tumors are benign. Germ cell tumors constitute the majority of ovarian tumors in the pediatric cohort, and mature teratoma is the most prevalent histologic type. However, 3–8% % of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents are malignant. Accurate characterization of ovarian masses in the pediatric population is crucial to determine the appropriate treatment, which should be minimally invasive and focused on preserving fertility. Transabdominal US is the main imaging modality for the assessment of pediatric ovarian masses. MRI represents a valuable adjunct tool for the evaluation of sonographically indeterminate ovarian lesions. This technique is also recommended for tumor staging and follow-up. CT is often used in emergency situations or when there are contraindications for MRI. Imaging findings, along with clinical features and laboratory results, play a crucial role in the characterization of ovarian masses in the pediatric population. This narrative review was based on a comprehensive literature search of articles about imaging findings of ovarian masses in the pediatric population, published between 1977 and April 2025. Data were obtained from the PubMed database, using the following keywords: “imaging”, “ovarian tumors”, ovarian masses”, and “pediatric”. This article aims to provide an overview of the role of imaging in the assessment of ovarian masses in the pediatric age group.
卵巢肿瘤在儿科人群中较为罕见，但却是女性生殖道肿瘤中最常见的恶性肿瘤类型。儿童和青少年中可见非肿瘤性和肿瘤性卵巢病变。大多数儿童卵巢肿瘤为良性。在儿科群体中，生殖细胞肿瘤占卵巢肿瘤的大多数，其中成熟畸胎瘤是最常见的组织学类型。然而，儿童和青少年卵巢肿瘤中有3-8%为恶性。准确评估儿科人群卵巢肿块的特征对于确定合适的治疗方案至关重要，治疗应尽量微创并注重保留生育功能。经腹部超声是评估儿童卵巢肿块的主要影像学方法。磁共振成像（MRI）是评估超声检查结果不确定的卵巢病变的重要辅助工具，也推荐用于肿瘤分期和随访。计算机断层扫描（CT）常用于紧急情况或存在MRI禁忌症时。影像学表现结合临床特征和实验室检查结果，在儿科人群卵巢肿块的特征评估中起着关键作用。本叙述性综述基于对1977年至2025年4月期间发表的关于儿科人群卵巢肿块影像学表现文献的全面检索。数据来源于PubMed数据库，使用的关键词包括：“影像学”、“卵巢肿瘤”、“卵巢肿块”和“儿科”。本文旨在概述影像学在儿科年龄组卵巢肿块评估中的作用。
Imaging Evaluation of Ovarian Masses in a Pediatric Population: A Comprehensive Overview
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家