Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal oncological diseases worldwide, with a concerning rise in incidence, particularly in developing countries. Recent advances in genetic sequencing have revealed that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in CRC development. Mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, metabolic alterations, and oncogenic pathways have demonstrated that dysbiosis, a disruption of the gut microbiome, is linked to CRC. Associations have been found between tumor progression, treatment resistance, and pathogenic microbes such asFusobacterium nucleatumandEscherichia coli. A promising approach for CRC prevention and treatment is microbiome manipulation through interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and selective antibiotics. This article explores how gut microbiome alterations influence CRC pathogenesis and examines microbiome modulation strategies currently used as adjuncts to traditional treatments. Advances in artificial intelligence, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and large-scale initiatives such as the ONCOBIOME Project are paving the way for the identification of microbiome-derived biomarkers for early CRC detection and personalized treatment. Despite promising progress, challenges such as interindividual variability, causal inference, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed. Future integration of microbiome analysis into multi-omics frameworks holds great potential to revolutionize precision oncology in CRC management.
结直肠癌是全球范围内最常见且致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一，其发病率呈上升趋势，在发展中国家尤为显著。近期基因测序技术的进展揭示，肠道微生物组在结直肠癌发生发展中起着关键作用。慢性炎症、代谢改变及致癌通路等机制研究表明，肠道菌群失调与结直肠癌的发生密切相关。研究已发现具核梭杆菌、大肠杆菌等病原微生物与肿瘤进展及治疗耐药性存在关联。通过益生菌、益生元、粪菌移植及选择性抗生素等手段调控微生物组，已成为结直肠癌防治的前沿方向。本文系统探讨肠道微生物组改变如何影响结直肠癌发病机制，并综述当前作为传统治疗辅助手段的微生物组调控策略。人工智能、单细胞与空间转录组学等技术的进步，以及ONCOBIOME等大型研究计划的推进，正为开发基于微生物组的早期诊断生物标志物和个体化治疗方案开辟新路径。尽管前景广阔，但仍需解决个体差异性、因果推断及监管障碍等挑战。未来将微生物组分析整合入多组学框架，有望在结直肠癌精准医疗领域引发革命性突破。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家