Horizontal trafficking of subcellular components, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane fragments, is utilized by tumor cells to facilitate tumor cell proliferation and survival. Conventionally, tumor cells have been known to undergo long-range transfer through the import and export of extracellular vesicles and exosomes. However, other means of intercellular transfer are also employed by tumor cells. These trafficking methods can facilitate changes in anti-tumor immunity and distribute oncogenic protein variants to nearby cells to provide a hospitable tumor microenvironment. The molecular mechanisms that drive many of these cell trafficking mechanisms are conserved, relying on de novo synthesis of filamentous actin. However, the delineation between these processes is not yet known. This review will highlight four recently characterized and underappreciated contact-dependent intercellular trafficking mechanisms: (i) trogocytosis, (ii) entosis, (iii) cell fusion, and (iv) tunneling nanotubes/microtubes utilized by tumor cells to promote a hospitable microenvironment.
肿瘤细胞利用核酸、蛋白质及膜片段等亚细胞成分的水平运输机制，以促进其增殖与存活。传统观点认为，肿瘤细胞主要通过细胞外囊泡和外泌体的输入与输出实现长程转运。然而，肿瘤细胞还采用其他细胞间转移方式。这些运输机制能够改变抗肿瘤免疫反应，并将致癌蛋白变异体传递至邻近细胞，从而营造适宜的肿瘤微环境。驱动这些细胞运输过程的分子机制具有保守性，主要依赖于丝状肌动蛋白的从头合成。然而，这些过程之间的界限尚未明确。本综述将重点阐述四种近期被揭示但尚未受到充分重视的接触依赖性细胞间运输机制：（一）胞啃作用，（二）内渗作用，（三）细胞融合，以及（四）肿瘤细胞为营造适宜微环境所利用的隧道纳米管/微管结构。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家