It has been more than a decade since anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies were first introduced for the treatment of unresectable melanoma. The advent of these immunotherapies has dramatically transformed the treatment landscape. In recent years, anti-PD-1 antibodies have become the cornerstone of melanoma therapy, and the development of new treatment regimens has advanced rapidly in both Eastern and Western countries. However, clinical practice has revealed lower response rates in East Asian melanoma patients compared to Caucasian populations. This discrepancy may be partially attributed to T cell immune exhaustion within the tumor microenvironment, although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, there is currently no established treatment for BRAF wild-type melanoma that is resistant to anti-PD-1 antibodies. This review discusses the currently available therapeutic strategies for advanced melanoma and addresses the aforementioned challenges, highlighting recent efforts in both Eastern and Western regions.
自抗PD-1与抗CTLA-4抗体首次应用于不可切除黑色素瘤治疗已逾十年，这类免疫疗法的出现彻底改变了治疗格局。近年来，抗PD-1抗体已成为黑色素瘤治疗的基石，东西方国家的新治疗方案研发均取得快速进展。然而临床实践显示，东亚黑色素瘤患者对治疗的反应率较白种人群偏低，这种差异可能部分归因于肿瘤微环境中T细胞的免疫耗竭状态，但其具体机制尚未明确。此外，目前对于抗PD-1抗体耐药的BRAF野生型黑色素瘤仍缺乏成熟治疗方案。本综述将探讨当前晚期黑色素瘤的可用治疗策略，针对上述挑战展开论述，并重点阐述东西方地区的最新研究进展。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家