文章：

推进胆管癌诊断：液体活检与CRISPR/Cas系统在生物标志物检测中的作用

Advancing Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnosis: The Role of Liquid Biopsy and CRISPR/Cas Systems in Biomarker Detection

原文发布日期：26 June 2025

DOI: 10.3390/cancers17132155

类型: Article

开放获取: 是

英文摘要：

Background/Objectives: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy of the biliary tract with limited diagnostic tools for early detection. Current serum markers, such as CA19-9, lack specificity and sensitivity, particularly in early-stage disease, which hinders the effectiveness of curative interventions. This narrative review evaluates the limitations of existing diagnostic approaches and explores the potential of combining liquid biopsy (LB) technologies with CRISPR/Cas-based systems for precise, minimally invasive biomarker detection.Methods: A narrative review was conducted, synthesizing literature from 2018 to 2025 across PubMed, MDPI, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase using MeSH terms such as “cholangiocarcinoma,” “liquid biopsy,” “miRNA,” and “CRISPR/Cas.”Results: Circulating microRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-16, miR-877) exhibit high diagnostic accuracy. The RACE (Rolling Circle Amplification-assisted CRISPR/Cas9 Cleavage) platform shows promise for detecting extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived miRNAs with high sensitivity and single-nucleotide specificity. When paired with liquid biopsy, CRISPR-based assays enable real-time, cost-effective, and multiplexed detection of tumor-specific biomarkers.Conclusions: The introduction of LB combined with CRISPR/Cas systems could potentially revolutionize the early and accurate diagnosis of CCA, thereby advancing the overall treatment strategy. However, this method is still under development and requires further testing before it can be incorporated into routine diagnostics.

摘要翻译： 

背景/目的：胆管癌是一种高度异质性的胆道恶性肿瘤，目前早期诊断工具有限。现有血清标志物（如CA19-9）缺乏特异性与敏感性，尤其在疾病早期阶段，这限制了根治性干预措施的有效性。本综述旨在评估现有诊断方法的局限性，并探讨将液体活检技术与基于CRISPR/Cas的系统相结合，实现精准、微创生物标志物检测的潜力。 方法：通过整合2018年至2025年间PubMed、MDPI、Web of Science、Google Scholar和Embase数据库中关于"胆管癌"、"液体活检"、"微小RNA"及"CRISPR/Cas"等主题的文献，进行叙述性综述分析。 结果：循环微小RNA（如miR-21、miR-16、miR-877）展现出较高的诊断准确性。滚环扩增辅助CRISPR/Cas9切割技术平台在检测细胞外囊泡来源的微小RNA方面，显示出高灵敏度与单核苷酸特异性优势。当与液体活检技术结合时，基于CRISPR的检测方法能够实现肿瘤特异性生物标志物的实时、经济高效的多重检测。 结论：液体活检与CRISPR/Cas系统的结合应用，可能为胆管癌的早期精准诊断带来革命性突破，从而推动整体治疗策略的进步。但该方法仍处于研发阶段，需进一步验证方可纳入常规诊断体系。

原文链接：

Advancing Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnosis: The Role of Liquid Biopsy and CRISPR/Cas Systems in Biomarker Detection