Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a varied group of tumors that originate from neuroendocrine cells found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. These tumors encompass a broad spectrum of biological behaviors, ranging from slow-growing, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) to aggressive and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NECs), complicating their accurate classification and effective treatment. While advances in molecular research have refined our understanding of these tumors, their complexity, unpredictable progression, and differential response to therapies remain major clinical hurdles. A significant clinical challenge is the accurate grading and diagnosis of GEP-NENs, which is traditionally reliant on subjective methods. However, innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence-based diagnostics, multi-omics approaches, and precision oncology, are now offering solutions for more precise and reliable classification. Meanwhile, emerging therapies aiming to activate the immune response or modify the tumor environment present promising avenues for improved outcomes. Realizing the full potential of these advances will require a thoughtful integration of molecular insights with standardized diagnostic practices and evolving therapeutic strategies, ensuring that progress in research meaningfully informs and enhances patient care across diverse clinical settings. This review discusses new advancements and explores future directions toward personalized and effective treatments for GEP-NENs.
胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤（GEP-NENs）是一组起源于胃肠道神经内分泌细胞的异质性肿瘤。这类肿瘤的生物学行为谱系广泛，从生长缓慢、分化良好的神经内分泌瘤（GEP-NETs）到侵袭性强、分化差的神经内分泌癌（GEP-NECs）均有涵盖，这使其精准分类与有效治疗面临挑战。尽管分子研究的进展深化了我们对这类肿瘤的认识，但其复杂性、难以预测的进展轨迹以及对治疗的不同反应仍是临床面临的主要障碍。GEP-NENs的准确分级与诊断作为关键临床难题，传统上依赖于主观性方法。然而，基于人工智能的诊断技术、多组学分析及精准肿瘤学等创新手段，正为更精确可靠的分类提供解决方案。同时，旨在激活免疫应答或改变肿瘤微环境的新型疗法为改善疗效开辟了前景广阔的新途径。要充分实现这些进展的潜力，需要将分子层面的认知与标准化诊断实践及不断演进的治疗策略进行有机结合，确保科研进步能切实指导并提升不同临床场景下的患者诊疗水平。本文综述了GEP-NENs诊疗领域的新进展，并探讨了实现个体化有效治疗的未来方向。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家