Introduction: Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option in human and veterinary oncology. Like humans, canine patients often develop drug resistance. Comparative oncology is gaining increasing interest, and spontaneous tumors of companion dogs have emerged as a powerful resource for better understanding human cancer. The genetic, molecular, and histological features of tumors in dogs are more closely related to those in humans than the ones in laboratory animals, including complex mechanisms of drug resistance. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic database Clarivate Web of Science (WOS): Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) from 1990 to 2025 (updated 22 January 2025). The final set includes 59 relevant full-text English articles. Results: The literature findings suggest that canine spontaneous tumors are valuable model systems with important translational implications for identifying novel mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance shared with humans and may help advance the current standard of care in precision medicine. Conclusions: We have provided an updated overview of the role of canine tumor models to study oncotherapy resistance, focusing on limitations and opportunities for advancement. Despite complementary benefits of such models in translational oncology research, their relevance remains underestimated. Strengthening the collaboration between human and veterinary medicine professionals and comparative medicine researchers, and obtaining the support of interdisciplinary institutions, could contribute to addressing the problem of multidrug resistance for both human and canine patients. Future research may promote using canine spontaneous tumors as translational therapeutic models for human chemoresistance, through a multidisciplinary approach based on the emerging “One Health, One Medicine” paradigm.
引言：化疗是人类和兽医肿瘤学的主要治疗手段。与人类相似，犬类患者常出现耐药现象。比较肿瘤学日益受到关注，伴侣犬的自发性肿瘤已成为深入理解人类癌症的重要资源。相较于实验动物，犬类肿瘤在遗传、分子和组织学特征上与人类肿瘤更为接近，其耐药机制也更为复杂。方法：在科睿唯安Web of Science（WOS）数据库的医学文献分析与检索系统（MEDLINE）中，对1990年至2025年（更新至2025年1月22日）的文献进行全面检索，最终纳入59篇相关英文全文文献。结果：文献研究表明，犬自发性肿瘤是具有重要转化价值的模型系统，有助于揭示与人类共有的新型化疗耐药机制，并可能推动精准医疗现有标准的进步。结论：本文系统综述了犬类肿瘤模型在研究肿瘤治疗耐药性中的作用，重点关注其局限性与发展机遇。尽管此类模型在转化肿瘤学研究中具有互补优势，但其价值仍被低估。加强人类医学与兽医学专业人员、比较医学研究者之间的合作，并获得跨学科机构的支持，将有助于解决人类与犬类患者的多药耐药问题。未来研究可基于新兴的"同一健康，同一医学"理念，通过多学科方法推动犬自发性肿瘤成为人类化疗耐药性的转化治疗模型。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家