Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming pediatric oncology by creating new means to improve the accuracy and efficacy of cancer diagnosis and treatment in children. This review critically examines current applications of AI technologies like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) to the main types of pediatric cancers. However, the application of AI to pediatric oncology is prone to certain challenges, including the heterogeneity and rarity of pediatric cancer data, rapid technological development in imaging, and ethical concerns pertaining to data privacy and algorithmic transparency. Collaborative efforts and data-sharing schemes are important to surpass these challenges and facilitate effective training of AI models. This review also points to emerging trends, including AI-based radiomics and proteomics applications, and provides future directions to realize the full potential of AI in pediatric oncology. Finally, AI is a promising paradigm shift toward precision medicine in childhood cancer treatment, which can enhance the survival rates and quality of life for pediatric patients.
人工智能正通过创新手段提升儿童癌症诊断与治疗的准确性与有效性，从而快速重塑儿科肿瘤学领域。本综述系统评析了机器学习与深度学习等人工智能技术在主要儿童癌症类型中的当前应用现状。然而，人工智能在儿科肿瘤学的应用仍面临多重挑战：儿童癌症数据的异质性与稀缺性、影像技术的快速迭代、以及数据隐私与算法透明度等伦理问题。通过建立协同合作机制与数据共享方案，将有助于突破这些瓶颈，促进人工智能模型的有效训练。本文同时指出基于人工智能的影像组学与蛋白质组学等新兴发展趋势，并为实现人工智能在儿科肿瘤学的全部潜力指明未来方向。总体而言，人工智能正推动儿童癌症治疗向精准医疗模式转型，这一范式变革有望显著提升患儿的生存率与生活质量。
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Oncology Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家