Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, still represents a significant and growing public health concern. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is considered the primary driver of melanoma, although genetic predisposition also plays a critical role. This review explores the intricate molecular mechanisms by which UVR-induced photodamage contributes to melanoma development. We examine epidemiological evidence linking UV exposure to increased risk, detailing how UVR damage to DNA triggers inflammatory responses and impairs DNA repair mechanisms. Specifically, we discuss the roles of nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) in mitigating UV damage. The review further explores diagnostic and surgical implications for melanomas arising on sun-exposed skin. By synthesizing current evidence, this overview aims to deepen understanding of the complex relationship between UVR, photodamage, and melanoma, shedding light on the need for personalized preventive strategies to better stratify the risk and introduce behavioral changes to reduce skin photodamage.
黑色素瘤作为最具侵袭性的皮肤癌，其日益增长的发病率仍是公共卫生领域的重要挑战。尽管遗传易感性在其中发挥关键作用，但紫外线辐射被认为是诱发黑色素瘤的主要驱动因素。本综述深入探讨了紫外线辐射通过光损伤促进黑色素瘤发展的复杂分子机制，系统分析了紫外线暴露与患病风险升高的流行病学证据，详细阐释了紫外线对DNA的损伤如何引发炎症反应并破坏DNA修复机制。特别聚焦于核苷酸切除修复与碱基切除修复在减轻紫外线损伤中的作用机制。此外，本文还探讨了日光暴露部位黑色素瘤的临床诊断与外科治疗策略。通过整合现有研究证据，本综述旨在深化对紫外线辐射、光损伤与黑色素瘤复杂关联的认知，为建立个性化预防策略提供理论依据，从而更精准地进行风险分层，并通过行为干预降低皮肤光损伤风险。
Skin Photodamage and Melanomagenesis: A Comprehensive Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家