Background/Objectives: Accurate assessment of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer is critical for optimizing treatment strategies. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography are commonly used for response evaluation, they have inherent limitations. Ultrasound (US) has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, and real-time alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of US in tracking tumor regression during NAC and its correlation with pathologic tumor regression grade (TRG). Methods: This study included 282 breast cancer patients undergoing NAC. Tumor size was measured using ultrasound at three key time points: pre-chemotherapy, after four cycles, and post-chemotherapy. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationship between US-measured tumor changes and TRG. Multinomial logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the predictive accuracy of the measurements from our US in identifying pathologic complete response (pCR). Conclusions: Ultrasound is a reliable, real-time imaging tool for monitoring NAC response in breast cancer patients. Its ability to predict pCR and track tumor shrinkage highlights its potential for treatment adaptation. Standardization of US protocols and integration with AI-based analysis may further improve its clinical utility, making it a valuable adjunct in breast cancer treatment monitoring.
**背景/目的：** 准确评估乳腺癌对新辅助化疗的肿瘤反应对于优化治疗策略至关重要。虽然磁共振成像和乳腺X线摄影常用于疗效评估，但它们存在固有的局限性。超声作为一种有前景、经济且可实时进行的替代方法应运而生。本研究旨在评估超声在监测新辅助化疗期间肿瘤退缩的有效性，及其与病理肿瘤退缩分级的相关性。 **方法：** 本研究纳入了282例接受新辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者。在三个关键时间点使用超声测量肿瘤大小：化疗前、四个周期后以及化疗后。采用Spearman相关性分析评估超声测量的肿瘤变化与肿瘤退缩分级之间的关系。进行多项逻辑回归和受试者工作特征曲线分析，以确定本研究超声测量值在识别病理完全缓解方面的预测准确性。 **结论：** 超声是一种可靠、实时的成像工具，可用于监测乳腺癌患者的新辅助化疗反应。其预测病理完全缓解和追踪肿瘤缩小的能力，突显了其在治疗调整方面的潜力。标准化超声检查方案并与基于人工智能的分析相结合，可能进一步提高其临床实用性，使其成为乳腺癌治疗监测中有价值的辅助工具。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家