Pancreatic cancer (PC), with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) comprising about 90% of all cases, is one of the most aggressive and lethal solid tumors. PDAC remains one of the most significant challenges of oncology to this day due to its inadequate response to conventional treatment, gradual rise in incidence since 2004, and poor five-year survival rates. As cancer cells are the primary adversary in this uneven fight, they remain the primary research target. Nevertheless, increasing attention is being paid to the tumor microenvironment (TME). The most crucial TME constellation components are immune cells, especially macrophages, stellate cells and lymphocytes, fibroblasts, bacterial and fungal microflora, and neuronal cells. Depending on the particular phenotype of these cells, the composition of the microenvironment, and the cell ratio, patients can experience different disease outcomes and varying vulnerability to treatment approaches. This study aims to present the current knowledge and review the most up-to-date scientific findings regarding the microenvironment of PC. It contains detailed information on the structure and cellular composition of the stroma, including its impact on disease development, metastasis, and response to treatment, as well as the therapeutic opportunities that arise from targeting this tissue.
胰腺癌（PC）是一种极具侵袭性和致命性的实体肿瘤，其中胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）约占所有病例的90%。由于对传统治疗反应不佳、自2004年以来发病率逐渐上升以及五年生存率较低，PDAC至今仍是肿瘤学领域最严峻的挑战之一。癌细胞作为这场不对等战斗中的主要对手，始终是研究的核心目标。然而，肿瘤微环境（TME）正受到越来越多的关注。TME中最关键的构成成分包括免疫细胞（尤其是巨噬细胞、星状细胞和淋巴细胞）、成纤维细胞、细菌与真菌微生物群以及神经元细胞。根据这些细胞的具体表型、微环境的组成及细胞比例，患者可能面临不同的疾病结局，并对治疗方法的敏感性存在差异。本研究旨在梳理当前关于胰腺癌微环境的研究进展，综述最新的科学发现，详细阐述间质的结构与细胞组成，包括其对疾病发展、转移和治疗反应的影响，以及针对该组织可能产生的治疗机遇。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家