Background/Objectives:Cardiac hemangiomas are rare benign vascular tumors, accounting for less than 2% of primary cardiac tumors. Despite their rarity, they can cause significant clinical effects depending on their size and location. This systematic review aims to provide an updated analysis of recent cases, focusing on epidemiology, histopathological subtypes, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes.Methods:A systematic search of the PubMed database identified case reports and series published between 2019 and 2025. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 55 eligible cases were selected for analysis. Data were extracted on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, imaging methods, treatment strategies, and follow-up outcomes.Results:Cavernous hemangiomas were the most commonly reported subtype. Patient ages ranged from infancy to over 85 years, with a slight predominance in females. Presentations varied from asymptomatic incidental findings to symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain. Echocardiography was the primary diagnostic tool in over 80% of cases. Surgical resection was performed in 87.3% of patients, yielding favorable outcomes and low recurrence. However, follow-up duration was inconsistent, and long-term outcomes were underreported, underscoring the lack of standardized surveillance protocols. This variability limits clinicians’ ability to assess recurrence risk and long-term prognosis, highlighting the need for evidence-based guidelines to inform structured follow-up and improve patient care.Conclusions:The increasing number of published cases likely reflects improved diagnostic imaging and greater clinical awareness. While surgery remains the preferred treatment, the variability in follow-up and diagnostic reporting highlights the need for standardized protocols. Further studies are warranted to clarify the natural history, refine classification systems, and establish evidence-based guidelines for the management of this rare cardiac tumor.
背景/目的：心脏血管瘤是罕见的良性血管肿瘤，占原发性心脏肿瘤的比例不足2%。尽管发病率低，但其大小和位置可导致显著的临床影响。本系统综述旨在对近期病例进行更新分析，重点关注流行病学、组织病理学亚型、临床表现、诊断方法和治疗结局。 方法：通过系统检索PubMed数据库，筛选出2019年至2025年间发表的病例报告及系列研究。经纳入与排除标准筛选后，共55例符合要求的病例纳入分析。提取数据包括患者人口学特征、肿瘤特性、影像学方法、治疗策略及随访结果。 结果：海绵状血管瘤是最常见的亚型。患者年龄从婴儿期至85岁以上不等，女性略占优势。临床表现多样，从无症状偶然发现到呼吸困难、胸痛等症状均有报道。超声心动图是超过80%病例的主要诊断工具。87.3%的患者接受了手术切除，疗效良好且复发率低。然而随访时长存在差异，长期结局报告不足，凸显了标准化监测方案的缺失。这种差异性限制了临床医生评估复发风险和长期预后的能力，亟需基于循证医学的指南来规范随访流程并改善患者管理。 结论：已发表病例数量的增加可能反映了诊断影像技术的进步和临床认知的提升。虽然手术仍是首选治疗方案，但随访和诊断报告的差异性凸显了标准化规范的必要性。未来需要进一步研究以明确该罕见心脏肿瘤的自然病程、完善分类体系，并建立基于循证医学的临床管理指南。
Cardiac Hemangiomas: A Five-Year Systematic Review of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家