Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest neoplasms in the modern world. Over the past few years, the incidence of PC has risen with only a slight improvement in overall survival. Moreover, the improvement in survival is primarily driven by diagnoses in the localized stage of the disease, rather than by new treatment methods. The inflammatory process is a key mediator of PC development, yet PC is also one of the most immune-resistant tumors. Patients rarely benefit from monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors; nevertheless, the latest biological findings on the complexity of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment might be translated into designing new clinical studies that combine various approaches to overcome single-agent immunotherapy resistance. On the other hand, focusing on inflammation may lead to the development of new inflammation-based prognostic markers for patients. This review aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the complex relationships between systemic and local inflammation, immune response, immunosuppression, and therapeutic options in PC.
胰腺癌是当今世界最常见且致死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来其发病率持续上升，但总体生存率仅略有改善。值得注意的是，生存率的提升主要得益于疾病局部阶段的早期诊断，而非新型治疗方法的突破。炎症过程是胰腺癌发生发展的关键介质，然而胰腺癌同时又是最具免疫抵抗性的肿瘤类型之一。患者很少能从免疫检查点抑制剂的单药治疗中获益；尽管如此，关于胰腺肿瘤微环境复杂性的最新生物学发现，可能转化为设计新型临床研究的基础，通过联合多种策略来克服单药免疫治疗的耐药问题。另一方面，聚焦炎症机制可能推动基于炎症的新型预后标志物的开发。本综述旨在系统阐述当前关于胰腺癌中全身性与局部炎症、免疫应答、免疫抑制及治疗选择之间复杂关系的认知现状。
Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer—Where Are We Now?
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家