The clinical use of T lymphocytes engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has revolutionized the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed hematological malignancies. CAR natural killer (CAR-NK) cells are NK cells engineered with CARs to specifically target cell antigens expressed on the membrane of tumor cells. CAR-NK cells could offer some advantages with respect to CAR-T cells, related to their specific and innate anti-tumor activity, availability as an “off the shelf” cellular therapy, reduced costs, and improved safety. Promising efficacy of CAR-Nk cell therapy was observed in clinical trials based on the treatment of some hematological malignancies. However, to date, the clinical experience of CAR-NK cell therapy has been preliminary, with the evaluation of only a limited number of patients. Furthermore, CAR-NK cell therapy has been limited by the short persistence of these cells and by the suboptimal cytotoxic activity of some CAR-NK preparations. Therefore, studies based on the enrollment of a number of patients is required to carefully assess and confirm the safety and the efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy in hematological malignancies and to compare their efficacy with respect to allogeneic CAR-T cells.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T淋巴细胞的临床应用彻底改变了难治性或复发性血液恶性肿瘤患者的治疗格局。CAR自然杀伤（CAR-NK）细胞是通过基因工程改造、表达CAR的NK细胞，能够特异性靶向肿瘤细胞膜表面抗原。相较于CAR-T细胞，CAR-NK细胞因其特有的天然抗肿瘤活性、可作为"现货型"细胞疗法使用、成本较低且安全性更优而展现出独特优势。针对部分血液恶性肿瘤的临床试验已观察到CAR-NK细胞疗法具有令人鼓舞的疗效。然而迄今为止，CAR-NK细胞治疗的临床经验仍处于初步阶段，仅对有限数量的患者进行了评估。此外，该疗法还面临细胞体内存续时间较短以及部分CAR-NK制剂细胞毒性活性欠佳等局限。因此，需要通过纳入更多患者的研究来系统评估和验证CAR-NK细胞疗法在血液恶性肿瘤中的安全性与有效性，并将其疗效与同种异体CAR-T细胞进行对比分析。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家