Background/Objectives: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face an increased risk of developing intestinal and extraintestinal cancers. This retrospective single-center study aimed to quantify cancer risk and identify potential risk factors associated with cancer in IBD patients.Methods: The epidemiological data, disease characteristics, treatment regimens, and occurrences of cancer following IBD diagnosis were collected between January 2021 and February 2022. Hazard ratios (HRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated.Results: 560 IBD patients were included; 37 patients developed cancer, with 5 patients developing two distinct cancers, resulting in 42 cancers overall. This translated into a twofold increased risk of developing any cancer compared to the general population (SIR 1.94, 95% CI 1.4–2.6). Colorectal (CRC, 29%), skin (19%), and breast cancer (17%) were the most common malignancies. Female patients showed an increased risk for all cancers (SIR 3.1, 95% CI 2.06–4.3), melanoma (SIR 5.6, 95% CI 1.14–16.2), and CRC (SIR 7.5, 95% CI 3–15.4). Conversely, male patients exhibited a significantly increased risk of lymphoma (SIR 26.2, 95% CI 3.2–95.7). Young age at IBD diagnosis and the use of immunomodulators, whether as monotherapy or in combination with biologics, were associated with an increased risk of cancer.Conclusions: The risk of CRC and lymphoma in IBD patients may be higher than previously reported, potentially due to the increasing use of combination therapy. Cancer risk in IBD should be regularly assessed and personalized throughout the disease course.
背景/目的：炎症性肠病（IBD）患者发生肠道及肠外癌症的风险显著增加。本项回顾性单中心研究旨在量化IBD患者的癌症风险，并识别与癌症发生相关的潜在风险因素。 方法：研究收集了2021年1月至2022年2月期间IBD患者的流行病学数据、疾病特征、治疗方案以及IBD诊断后癌症发生情况。计算了风险比（HRs）和标准化发病率比（SIRs）。 结果：研究共纳入560例IBD患者；其中37例患者罹患癌症，5例患者同时罹患两种不同的癌症，总计发生42例癌症。与普通人群相比，IBD患者罹患任何癌症的风险增加了两倍（SIR 1.94，95% CI 1.4–2.6）。结直肠癌（CRC，29%）、皮肤癌（19%）和乳腺癌（17%）是最常见的恶性肿瘤。女性患者在所有癌症（SIR 3.1，95% CI 2.06–4.3）、黑色素瘤（SIR 5.6，95% CI 1.14–16.2）和结直肠癌（SIR 7.5，95% CI 3–15.4）方面均表现出更高的风险。相反，男性患者罹患淋巴瘤的风险显著增加（SIR 26.2，95% CI 3.2–95.7）。IBD诊断年龄较小，以及使用免疫调节剂（无论是单药治疗还是与生物制剂联合治疗）均与癌症风险增加相关。 结论：IBD患者发生结直肠癌和淋巴瘤的风险可能高于既往报道，这可能与联合治疗的日益广泛应用有关。应在IBD患者的整个病程中定期评估并个体化其癌症风险。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家