Background/Objectives:The management of ocular tumors often necessitates surgery, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or other modalities. While crucial for tumor control, these treatments can significantly impact the ocular surface, leading to both acute and chronic complications. This review examines iatrogenic ocular surface diseases resulting from oncologic interventions, emphasizing their pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies.Methods:A literature review was conducted to identify studies on iatrogenic ocular surface complications associated with ocular tumor treatments.Results:Ocular surface complications include direct damage from surgical manipulation, leading to corneal opacities and persistent epithelial defects, as well as dry eye disease secondary to postoperative chemosis. These disruptions may progress to more severe conditions such as keratopathy, corneal ulcers, limbal stem cell deficiency, and stromal scarring, further impairing visual function. Structural alterations contribute to eyelid malpositions—including ectropion, entropion, round eye, and lagophthalmos—which exacerbate exposure-related damage and ocular surface instability. In cases of uveal melanomas, the exposure of episcleral brachytherapy plaques can induce chronic conjunctival irritation, promoting adhesion formation and symblepharon. Surgical interventions disrupt ocular surface homeostasis, while radiotherapy and chemotherapy exacerbate these effects through cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms.Conclusions:Preventing and managing iatrogenic ocular surface complications require a multidisciplinary approach involving early diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and targeted postoperative care. Comprehensive pre- and postoperative planning is essential to optimize both visual function and long-term ocular surface integrity, ultimately ensuring a balance between oncologic control with functional and aesthetic preservation.
**背景/目的：** 眼肿瘤的治疗常需手术，或联合放疗、化疗及其他疗法。这些治疗虽对控制肿瘤至关重要，但可能显著影响眼表，导致急性和慢性并发症。本综述探讨肿瘤治疗干预引起的医源性眼表疾病，重点阐述其病理生理学、诊断挑战及处理策略。 **方法：** 通过文献回顾，检索与眼肿瘤治疗相关的医源性眼表并发症研究。 **结果：** 眼表并发症包括手术操作直接损伤导致的角膜混浊和持续性上皮缺损，以及术后球结膜水肿继发的干眼症。这些损伤可能进展为更严重的病变，如角膜病变、角膜溃疡、角膜缘干细胞缺乏和基质瘢痕，进一步损害视功能。结构改变可导致眼睑位置异常（包括睑外翻、睑内翻、圆眼症和兔眼），加剧暴露相关性损伤和眼表不稳定。在葡萄膜黑色素瘤病例中，巩膜表面近距离放疗敷贴器的暴露可引起慢性结膜刺激，促进粘连和睑球粘连形成。手术干预破坏了眼表稳态，而放疗和化疗则通过细胞毒性和炎症机制加剧这些影响。 **结论：** 预防和管理医源性眼表并发症需要多学科协作，包括早期诊断、个体化治疗策略和有针对性的术后护理。全面的术前和术后规划对于优化视功能和长期眼表完整性至关重要，最终确保在肿瘤控制与功能、美观保存之间取得平衡。
Iatrogenic Ocular Surface Complications After Surgery for Ocular and Adnexal Tumors
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家