Bladder cancer (BCa) is a highly recurrent malignancy that requires sensitive and noninvasive diagnostic and predictive markers. Conventional diagnostic tools, such as cystoscopy and urine cytology, are far from ideal in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and patient compliance. In this narrative review, the development of novel urinary markers for the diagnosis of BCa is highlighted, with a focus on their application in the clinical arena, detection accuracy, and future potential. An extensive analysis of new urinary biomarkers, including proteinuria-based tests, DNA methylation biomarkers, and RNA-based molecular panels, has been conducted. Various molecular tests, such as Cxbladder®, Bladder EpiCheck®, and UroSEEK, are highly sensitive and clinically valid. Urinary biomarkers provide a promising noninvasive alternative for traditional BCa diagnostics with enhanced specificity and the possibility of early diagnosis. Future research should focus on large-scale clinical validation and standardization of biomarkers to facilitate their use in routine clinical practice.
膀胱癌是一种高复发率的恶性肿瘤，亟需高灵敏度且无创的诊断与预测标志物。传统的诊断手段，如膀胱镜检查和尿液细胞学检查，在灵敏度、特异性及患者依从性方面均远未达到理想状态。本文综述重点阐述了新型尿液标志物在膀胱癌诊断中的发展，着重探讨其临床应用、检测准确性及未来潜力。文中对新型尿液生物标志物进行了全面分析，包括基于蛋白质尿的检测、DNA甲基化标志物以及基于RNA的分子检测组合。多种分子检测方法，如Cxbladder®、Bladder EpiCheck®和UroSEEK，均显示出高灵敏度并具有临床有效性。尿液生物标志物为传统膀胱癌诊断提供了一种前景广阔的无创替代方案，其特异性更高，并有望实现早期诊断。未来的研究应侧重于生物标志物的大规模临床验证和标准化，以推动其在常规临床实践中的应用。
Novel Urinary Biomarkers for the Detection of Bladder Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家