LGBTQIA+ individuals with cancer face significant challenges in their interactions with nurses, which can negatively affect the quality of care, treatment adherence, and access to healthcare. Barriers such as implicit biases, discrimination, and inadequate communication skills contribute to these disparities, alongside a lack of nursing education on gender and sexual diversity. Despite the recognized role of nurses in reducing health inequalities, knowledge about effective strategies to overcome these barriers remains fragmented. This scoping review aims to identify and categorize the main barriers affecting the nurse–patient relationship in oncology and to explore evidence-based nursing interventions that promote equitable and inclusive care. A systematic literature search was conducted between January and February 2025 in PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, including studies published in the last 10 years. Study management was performed using Zotero (version 6.0.30), and quality assessment was conducted with the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, resolving discrepancies through discussion and consensus. This review follows the PRISMA-ScR checklist and the JBI scoping review methodology. The findings will provide insights into the primary barriers, highlight effective nursing interventions, and identify gaps in education and clinical guidelines, contributing to the development of more inclusive oncology care practices.
患有癌症的LGBTQIA+个体在与护士互动时面临重大挑战，这些挑战可能对护理质量、治疗依从性和医疗可及性产生负面影响。隐性偏见、歧视和沟通技巧不足等障碍，加之护理教育在性别与性取向多样性方面的缺失，共同导致了这些差异。尽管护士在减少健康不平等方面的作用已得到认可，但关于克服这些障碍的有效策略的知识仍然零散。本范围综述旨在识别并分类影响肿瘤科护患关系的主要障碍，并探索促进公平与包容性护理的循证护理干预措施。我们于2025年1月至2月在PUBMED、SCOPUS和Web of Science数据库中进行了系统文献检索，纳入近10年内发表的研究。使用Zotero（版本6.0.30）进行文献管理，并采用JBI批判性评估工具进行质量评估。两名独立评审员筛选研究，通过讨论和共识解决分歧。本综述遵循PRISMA-ScR清单和JBI范围综述方法。研究结果将深入揭示主要障碍，突出有效的护理干预措施，并指出教育与临床指南中的不足，从而为发展更具包容性的肿瘤护理实践提供参考。
Barriers and Nursing Strategies in Oncology Care for LGBTQIA+ People: A Scoping Review
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家