Oral cancer refers to cancers originating in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal regions. It is the 16th most prevalent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms of its progression are still being understood, and interventions to provide early diagnosis need to be improved. More studies have recently been conducted on oral cancer, and many reviews have summarized the findings in this field, focusing on individual factors. However, few review articles have evaluated the combinational impacts of different factors on oral cancer. This review aimed to provide an overview of the combinational effects of three extracellular factors, including lifestyle habits, oral microbiome, and socioeconomic factors, on oral cancer progression. Oral cancer is differentially affected by lifestyle habits; high-sugar diets, processed foods, alcohol, smoking, and possibly sleep disorders benefit its progression, whereas eating natural diets, such as fruits, vegetables, fish, and garlic, drinking tea or coffee, and physical exercise can combat it. The oral microbiome could suppress or promote oral cancer progression. Low socioeconomic status can impact oral cancer development. Furthermore, crosstalk among these three factors affects oral cancer progression. This review has limitations in not including all oral cancer-affecting factors and all important publications. More focus should be placed on the combinational effects of multiple factors on oral cancer progression and treatment. The findings in this study could update researchers on the landscape of oral cancer progression and help formulate approaches to promote oral cancer prevention and treatment.
口腔癌指原发于口腔及口咽区域的恶性肿瘤，其发病率位列全球第16位，是癌症相关死亡的第六大原因。然而目前对其进展机制的认识仍在不断深化，早期诊断干预措施亟待完善。近年来针对口腔癌的研究日益增多，已有大量综述从单一因素角度总结该领域研究成果，但鲜有综述系统评估不同因素对口腔癌的协同影响。本文旨在综述生活习惯、口腔微生物组及社会经济状况这三类细胞外因素对口腔癌进展的协同作用机制。生活习惯对口腔癌的影响具有差异性：高糖饮食、加工食品、酒精、吸烟及可能的睡眠障碍会促进其发展，而摄入天然饮食（如水果、蔬菜、鱼类和大蒜）、饮用茶或咖啡以及体育锻炼则具有抑制作用。口腔微生物组可能抑制或促进口腔癌进展。较低的社会经济状况会影响口腔癌发生发展。此外，这三类因素间的交互作用共同影响着口腔癌进程。本综述存在未涵盖所有影响因素及重要文献的局限性。未来研究应更关注多因素对口腔癌进展及治疗的协同效应。本研究结果有助于更新研究者对口腔癌进展机制的认识，并为制定口腔癌防治策略提供参考依据。
Beyond Genetics: Exploring Lifestyle, Microbiome, and Social Determinants in Oral Cancer Development
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家