Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) exhibits particular morphological features, with its activity being mainly related to thermogenesis. However, an expanded PRAT area seems to play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease pathogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that PRAT may support cancer progression and invasion, mainly in obese patients. The mechanism underlying these processes is of dysregulation of PRAT’s secretion of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, apelin, omentin-1, vistatin, nesfatin-1, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulated by tumor cells. Cancer cells may also induce a metabolic reprogramming of perirenal adipocytes, leading to increased lipids and lactate transfer to the tumor microenvironment, contributing to cancer growth in a hypoxic milieu. In addition, the PRAT browning process has been specifically detected in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), being characterized by upregulated expression of brown/beige adipocytes markers (UCP1, PPAR-ɣ, c/EBPα, and PGC1α) and downregulated white fat cells markers, such as LEPTIN, SHOX2, HOXC8, and HOXC9. Considering its multifaceted role in cancer, modulation of PRAT’s role in tumor progression may open new directions for oncologic therapy improvement. Considering the increasing evidence of the relationship between PRAT and tumor cells, our review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the perirenal adipocytes’ impact on tumor progression and metastasis.
肾周脂肪组织（PRAT）具有独特的形态学特征，其活性主要与产热作用相关。然而，扩增的PRAT区域似乎在心血管疾病、糖尿病及慢性肾脏病的发病机制中扮演重要角色。大量研究表明，PRAT可能促进癌症进展与侵袭，尤其在肥胖患者中更为显著。这一过程的机制在于PRAT分泌脂肪因子和促炎细胞因子（如瘦素、脂联素、趋化素、apelin、网膜素-1、内脂素、nesfatin-1及其他促炎细胞因子）的失调，这些因子受到肿瘤细胞的调控。癌细胞还可能诱导肾周脂肪细胞的代谢重编程，导致脂质和乳酸向肿瘤微环境的转移增加，从而在缺氧环境中促进肿瘤生长。此外，肾周脂肪组织的褐变过程在肾细胞癌（RCC）中被特异性检测到，其特征为棕色/米色脂肪细胞标志物（UCP1、PPAR-ɣ、c/EBPα和PGC1α）表达上调，而白色脂肪细胞标志物（如LEPTIN、SHOX2、HOXC8和HOXC9）表达下调。鉴于PRAT在癌症中的多面作用，调控其在肿瘤进展中的功能可能为肿瘤治疗开辟新方向。随着PRAT与肿瘤细胞关联的证据日益增多，本综述旨在系统分析肾周脂肪细胞对肿瘤进展与转移的影响。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家