Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes with distinctive features that make them highly promising candidates for cancer therapy. Their MHC-independent recognition of tumor antigens, ability to mediate direct cytotoxicity, and role in modulating the tumor microenvironment position them as versatile agents in cancer immunotherapy. This review integrates and synthesizes the existing data on γδ T cells, with an emphasis on the development and optimization of in vitro expansion protocols. Critical aspects are detailed such as activation strategies, co-culture systems, cytokine use, and other parameters to ensure robust cell proliferation and functionality, which may be valuable for those developing or optimizing clinical practices. Finally, we discuss current advancements in γδ T cell research, clinical experience, and highlight areas needing further exploration. Considering these data, we hypothesize and propose potential new applications such as engineering γδ T cells for enhanced resistance to immune checkpoint pathways or for localized cytokine delivery within the tumor microenvironment, which could broaden their therapeutic impact in the treatment of cancer and beyond.
γδ T细胞作为T淋巴细胞的一个独特亚群，其特性使其成为极具前景的癌症治疗候选者。这类细胞不依赖MHC识别肿瘤抗原，具有直接细胞毒性作用，并能调节肿瘤微环境，因此在癌症免疫治疗中展现出多功能的潜力。本文综述并整合了现有关于γδ T细胞的研究数据，重点探讨体外扩增方案的开发与优化。文中详细阐述了激活策略、共培养系统、细胞因子应用及其他关键参数，以确保细胞的高效增殖与功能完整性，为临床实践的开发与优化提供参考。最后，我们讨论了γδ T细胞研究的最新进展与临床经验，并指出未来需要深入探索的领域。基于现有数据，我们提出潜在的新应用方向，例如通过工程化改造增强γδ T细胞对免疫检查点通路的抵抗能力，或实现肿瘤微环境内局部细胞因子的靶向递送，这些策略有望拓展其在癌症及其他疾病治疗中的临床应用价值。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家