According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), lung cancer is becoming a global epidemic. It is particularly high in the list of the leading causes of death not only in developed countries, but also worldwide; furthermore, it holds the leading place in terms of cancer-related mortality. Nevertheless, many breakthroughs have been made the last two decades regarding its management, with one of the most prominent being the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various aspects of disease management. We included 473 papers in this thorough review, most of which have been published during the last 5–10 years, in order to describe these breakthroughs. In screening programs, AI is capable of not only detecting suspicious lung nodules in different imaging modalities—such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans—but also discriminating between benign and malignant nodules as well, with success rates comparable to or even better than those of experienced radiologists. Furthermore, AI seems to be able to recognize biomarkers that appear in patients who may develop lung cancer, even years before this event. Moreover, it can also assist pathologists and cytologists in recognizing the type of lung tumor, as well as specific histologic or genetic markers that play a key role in treating the disease. Finally, in the treatment field, AI can guide in the development of personalized options for lung cancer patients, possibly improving their prognosis.
根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，肺癌正逐渐成为全球性流行病。无论是在发达国家还是全球范围内，肺癌均位居主要死因前列，尤其在癌症相关死亡率中占据首位。然而，过去二十年间肺癌诊疗领域已取得诸多突破性进展，其中最显著的成果之一便是人工智能技术在疾病管理多环节的应用。本研究系统纳入473篇文献（其中大部分发表于近5-10年），旨在系统阐述这些突破性进展。在筛查领域，人工智能不仅能通过胸部X光、计算机断层扫描（CT）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）等多种影像学手段检测可疑肺结节，还能有效鉴别结节良恶性，其准确率可与经验丰富的放射科医师相媲美甚至更优。此外，人工智能似乎能够识别肺癌患者发病前数年即已出现的生物标志物。在病理诊断方面，该技术可辅助病理学家和细胞学家识别肺癌类型，以及对于疾病治疗至关重要的特定组织学或遗传学标志物。最后在治疗领域，人工智能能够指导制定肺癌患者的个性化治疗方案，有望改善患者预后。
A Thorough Review of the Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家