Malignant glioma is a highly aggressive, therapeutically non-responsive, and deadly disease with a unique tumor microenvironment (TME). Of the 14 currently recognized and described cancer hallmarks, five are especially implicated in malignant glioma and targetable with repurposed drugs: cancer stem-like cells, in general, and glioma stem-like cells in particular (GSCs), vascularization and hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, tumor-promoting inflammation and sustained proliferative signaling. Each hallmark drives malignant glioma development, both individually and through interactions with other hallmarks, in which the TME plays a critical role. To combat the aggressive malignant glioma spatio-temporal heterogeneity driven by TME interactions, and to overcome its therapeutic challenges, a combined treatment strategy including anticancer therapies, repurposed drugs and multimodal immunotherapy should be the aim for future treatment approaches.
恶性胶质瘤是一种高度侵袭性、治疗反应差且致命的疾病，其肿瘤微环境具有独特性。在目前公认的十四项癌症特征中，有五项与恶性胶质瘤尤为相关，且可通过药物再利用策略进行靶向干预：包括广义的癌症干细胞样细胞（特指胶质瘤干细胞样细胞）、血管生成与缺氧状态、代谢重编程、促肿瘤性炎症反应以及持续增殖信号传导。这些特征各自独立又相互协同地驱动恶性胶质瘤的发展，而肿瘤微环境在此过程中发挥着关键作用。为应对由肿瘤微环境相互作用驱动的恶性胶质瘤时空异质性挑战，并克服其治疗困境，未来治疗策略应致力于构建包含抗癌疗法、药物再利用及多模式免疫治疗的综合治疗方案。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家