Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women, which is one of the most common gynecological cancers worldwide. Although several cytoreductive surgeries and chemotherapies have been attempted to address ovarian cancer, the disease still shows poor prognosis and survival rates due to prevalent metastasis. Peritoneal metastasis is recognized as the primary route of metastatic progression in ovarian cancer. It causes severe symptoms in patients, but it is generally difficult to detect at an early stage. Current anti-cancer therapy is insufficient to completely treat metastatic ovarian cancer due to its high rates of recurrence and resistance. Therefore, developing strategies for treating metastatic ovarian cancer requires a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the identification of effective therapeutic targets through precision oncology. Given that various signaling pathways, including TGF-β, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, influence cancer progression, their activity and significance can vary depending on the cancer type. In ovarian cancer, these pathways are particularly important, as they not only drive tumor progression but also impact the TME, which contributes to the metastatic potential. The TME plays a critical role in driving metastatic features in ovarian cancer through altered immunologic interactions. Recent therapeutic advances have focused on targeting these distinct features to improve treatment outcomes. Deciphering the complex interaction between signaling pathways and immune populations contributing to metastatic ovarian cancer provides an opportunity to enhance anti-cancer efficacy. Hereby, this review highlights the mechanisms of signaling pathways in metastatic ovarian cancer and immunological interactions to understand improved immunotherapy against ovarian cancer.
卵巢癌是全球范围内最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，在女性癌症相关死亡原因中位列第五。尽管已尝试多种肿瘤细胞减灭术及化疗方案应对卵巢癌，但由于其普遍存在的转移特性，该疾病仍表现出较差的预后和生存率。腹膜转移被公认为卵巢癌转移进展的主要途径，其会导致患者出现严重症状，但在早期阶段通常难以检测。由于转移性卵巢癌的高复发率与耐药性，当前抗癌疗法尚不足以完全治愈该疾病。因此，开发治疗转移性卵巢癌的策略需要更深入地理解肿瘤微环境，并通过精准肿瘤学识别有效的治疗靶点。鉴于TGF-β、NF-κB、PI3K/AKT/mTOR等多种信号通路均能影响癌症进展，其活性和重要性可能因癌症类型而异。在卵巢癌中，这些通路尤为重要，它们不仅驱动肿瘤进展，还通过影响肿瘤微环境增强转移潜能。肿瘤微环境通过改变免疫相互作用，在驱动卵巢癌转移特征中发挥关键作用。近期治疗进展聚焦于靶向这些独特特征以改善治疗效果。解析信号通路与免疫群体之间促进卵巢癌转移的复杂相互作用，为提升抗癌疗效提供了新机遇。本综述着重探讨转移性卵巢癌中信号通路的作用机制及免疫相互作用，以深入理解针对卵巢癌的改进型免疫疗法。
Advanced Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家