Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm worldwide and the most prevalent one among women. It represents the leading cause of cancer-related death among females. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors disrupt the cell cycle, inducing cellular senescence and, ultimately, apoptosis. Consequently, they have become a novel type of adjuvant therapy for the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer characterised by positive hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, analysing the available literature on cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors published over the last five years. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding these drugs to the standard endocrine therapy for this pathology. Results: The combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy was shown to improve progression-free survival, overall survival, and chemotherapy-free intervals in patients who received this combination therapy. Conclusions: The addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors to endocrine therapy in the treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer with positive hormone receptors and HER-2 negative significantly improved PFS, median survival, and chemotherapy-free intervals compared with the use of hormonal treatments alone or in combination with a placebo. Currently, CDK4/6 inhibitors are becoming established as a new standard treatment for this pathology, offering lower toxicity than chemotherapy. However, it is necessary to deeply investigate the mechanisms of treatment resistance and develop effective therapies to overcome them.
背景与目的：乳腺癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤，也是女性群体中发病率最高的癌症类型，已成为导致女性癌症相关死亡的首要原因。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4和6抑制剂通过干扰细胞周期进程，诱导细胞衰老并最终导致细胞凋亡，因此已成为治疗激素受体阳性、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）阴性晚期或转移性乳腺癌的新型辅助疗法。方法：本研究通过系统综述方法，对近五年来已发表的关于细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4和6抑制剂的相关文献进行分析，旨在评估在该疾病标准内分泌治疗方案中联合使用此类药物的疗效与安全性。结果：研究显示，细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4和6抑制剂联合内分泌治疗方案能显著改善接受联合治疗患者的无进展生存期、总生存期及无化疗间隔期。结论：在激素受体阳性、HER-2阴性晚期或转移性乳腺癌治疗中，相较于单纯内分泌治疗或联合安慰剂方案，联合应用CDK4/6抑制剂可显著提升无进展生存期、中位生存期及无化疗间隔期。目前CDK4/6抑制剂正逐步确立为该类疾病的新标准治疗方案，其毒性低于传统化疗。然而，仍需深入探究治疗耐药机制并研发有效应对策略。
Advances in CDK4 and 6 Inhibitors: Transforming Breast Cancer Treatment
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家