Background/Objectives: Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are critical components of the tumour microenvironment (TME), significantly influencing cancer progression and treatment resistance. This review aims to explore the innovative use of engineered bacteria to reprogram TAMs, enhancing their anti-tumour functions and improving therapeutic outcomes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following a predefined protocol. Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant studies on TAMs, their phenotypic plasticity, and the use of engineered bacteria for reprogramming. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select studies, and data were extracted using standardised forms. Data synthesis was performed to summarise the findings, focusing on the mechanisms and therapeutic benefits of using non-pathogenic bacteria to modify TAMs. Results: The review summarises the findings that engineered bacteria can selectively target TAMs, promoting a shift from the tumour-promoting M2 phenotype to the tumour-fighting M1 phenotype. This reprogramming enhances pro-inflammatory responses and anti-tumour activity within the TME. Evidence from various studies indicates significant tumour regression and improved immune responses following bacterial therapy. Conclusions: Reprogramming TAMs using engineered bacteria presents a promising strategy for cancer therapy. This approach leverages the natural targeting abilities of bacteria to modify TAMs directly within the tumour, potentially improving patient outcomes and offering new insights into immune-based cancer treatments. Further research is needed to optimise these methods and assess their clinical applicability.
背景/目的：肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）是肿瘤微环境（TME）的关键组成部分，显著影响癌症进展和治疗抵抗。本综述旨在探讨利用工程化细菌重编程TAMs的创新方法，以增强其抗肿瘤功能并改善治疗效果。方法：我们按照预定的方案进行了系统性综述。通过检索多个数据库，筛选出关于TAMs、其表型可塑性以及利用工程化细菌进行重编程的相关研究。应用纳入和排除标准筛选文献，并使用标准化表格提取数据。通过数据整合总结研究结果，重点关注利用非致病性细菌调控TAMs的机制及治疗效益。结果：综述总结发现，工程化细菌能够选择性靶向TAMs，促使其从促肿瘤的M2表型向抗肿瘤的M1表型转化。这种重编程增强了肿瘤微环境内的促炎反应和抗肿瘤活性。多项研究证据表明，细菌治疗后肿瘤显著消退且免疫应答得到改善。结论：利用工程化细菌重编程TAMs为癌症治疗提供了前景广阔的策略。该方法利用细菌的天然靶向能力，直接在肿瘤内部调控TAMs，有望改善患者预后，并为基于免疫的癌症治疗提供新思路。未来需要进一步研究以优化这些方法并评估其临床适用性。
Bacterial-Mediated In Situ Engineering of Tumour-Associated Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家