Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), especially gliomas, pose a significant clinical challenge due to their aggressive nature and limited therapeutic options. Emerging research highlights the critical role of the gut microbiota in regulating CNS health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiota is essential for maintaining CNS homeostasis, as it modulates immune responses, oxidative status, and neuroinflammation. The microbiota–gut–brain axis, a bidirectional communication network, plays a pivotal role in cancer and CNS disease treatment, exerting its influence through neural, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic pathways. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota influences the solidification of the tumor microenvironment and that dysbiosis may promote glioma development by modulating systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which contributes to tumorigenesis and CNS tumor progression. This review interrogates the impact of the gut microbiota on glioma, focusing on critical pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Kynurenine/AhR that drive tumor proliferation, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. Furthermore, we explore emerging therapeutic strategies, including probiotics and microbiota-based interventions, which show potential in modulating these pathways and enhancing immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. By focusing on the multifaceted interactions between the gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and CNS tumors, this review highlights the potential of microbiota-targeted therapies and their manipulation to complement and enhance current treatments.
中枢神经系统（CNS）肿瘤，尤其是胶质瘤，因其侵袭性强且治疗手段有限，构成了重大的临床挑战。新兴研究强调了肠道菌群在调节中枢神经系统健康与疾病中的关键作用。肠道菌群的组成对于维持中枢神经系统稳态至关重要，它通过调节免疫反应、氧化状态和神经炎症发挥作用。菌群-肠-脑轴作为一个双向通讯网络，通过神经、内分泌、免疫和代谢途径，在癌症及中枢神经系统疾病治疗中扮演着核心角色。近期研究表明，肠道菌群影响肿瘤微环境的形成，而菌群失调可能通过调节全身性炎症和氧化应激来促进胶质瘤的发生发展，从而推动肿瘤发生和中枢神经系统肿瘤的进展。本文综述了肠道菌群对胶质瘤的影响，重点关注驱动肿瘤增殖、免疫逃逸和治疗抵抗的关键通路，如NF-κB、MAPK、PI3K/Akt/mTOR以及犬尿氨酸/AhR通路。此外，我们探讨了新兴的治疗策略，包括益生菌和基于菌群的干预措施，这些策略在调节上述通路及增强免疫检查点抑制剂等免疫疗法方面显示出潜力。通过聚焦肠道菌群、氧化应激与中枢神经系统肿瘤之间的多层面相互作用，本文强调了以菌群为靶点的疗法及其调控在补充和增强现有治疗方面的潜力。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家