Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with a poor prognosis. Currently, chemotherapy is the only option for most patients with advanced-stage PDAC. Further, conventional immunotherapies and targeted therapies improve survival outcomes only in rare PDAC patient subgroups. To date, combinatory immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome the immune-hostile PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME) have resulted in limited efficacy in clinical studies. However, efforts are ongoing to develop new treatment strategies for patients with PDAC with the evolving knowledge of the TME, molecular characterization, and immune resistance mechanisms. Further, the growing arsenal of various immunotherapeutic agents, including novel classes of immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic, chimeric antigen receptor T cell, and vaccine therapies, reinforces these efforts. This review will focus on the place of immunotherapy and future possible strategies in PDAC.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是一种预后不良的致命性恶性肿瘤。目前，化疗是大多数晚期PDAC患者的唯一选择。此外，传统的免疫疗法和靶向治疗仅在少数PDAC患者亚群中改善了生存结局。迄今为止，针对克服免疫抑制性PDAC肿瘤微环境（TME）的联合免疫治疗策略在临床研究中疗效有限。然而，随着对TME、分子特征及免疫抵抗机制认识的不断深入，针对PDAC患者的新治疗策略正在持续探索中。此外，包括新型免疫检查点抑制剂、溶瘤病毒疗法、嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法及疫苗疗法在内的各类免疫治疗手段日益丰富，进一步推动了相关研究进展。本综述将重点探讨免疫疗法在PDAC治疗中的地位及未来潜在策略。
Threading the Needle: Navigating Novel Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家