Background/Objectives: The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations benefit primary prevention and survivor outcomes. This study evaluated the adherence to these recommendations during the year prior to breast cancer diagnosis and identified related clinical and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A total of 915 patients with breast cancer were recruited from eight hospitals in four regions of Spain. The participants completed an epidemiologic questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire. The compliance with the WCRF/AICR recommendations was assessed using a standardized score based on seven recommendations. Standardized prevalences and standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) for moderate and high adherence were calculated based on participant characteristics using binary and multinomial logistic regression models. Results: The mean adherence was 3.5 points out of 7. The recommendations with the best and worst adherence were avoiding sugar-sweetened drinks (54.4% adherence) and maintaining a fiber-rich diet (4.4% consumed ≥30 g/day). The overall adherence was better in women aged ≥60 years (SPR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.09–2.22), and worse in those with a caloric intake ≥2000 kcal/day (SPR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.37–0.62) or ≥2 comorbidities (SPR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.49–0.89). The adherence to maintaining a healthy weight was worse in those with ≥2 comorbidities and stage III-IV tumors. The physical activity adherence was worse in working women and those with ≥2 comorbidities. The alcohol restriction adherence was worse in smokers. Younger women, smokers and those with a low calorie intake were less adherent to the fruit/vegetable recommendation. The consumption of fiber and limited consumption of red/processed meat adherence was poor in all the subgroups. The adherence to a limited consumption of fast food and sugary drinks was worse in younger women and high-calorie-diet consumers. Conclusions: The differences in the adherence to recommendations according to patient characteristics justify the design of personalized interventions for breast cancer patients.
背景/目的：2018年世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所（WCRF/AICR）发布的癌症预防建议对一级预防及癌症幸存者预后具有积极意义。本研究旨在评估乳腺癌确诊前一年内患者对这些建议的遵循情况，并识别相关的临床及社会人口学因素。方法：从西班牙四个地区的八家医院共招募915名乳腺癌患者。参与者完成流行病学问卷及食物频率问卷。基于七项建议构建标准化评分体系，评估对WCRF/AICR建议的遵循程度。采用二元及多项逻辑回归模型，根据患者特征计算中高度遵循率的标准化患病率及其比值（SPR）。结果：七项建议的平均遵循得分为3.5分。遵循最佳与最差的建议分别为避免含糖饮料（遵循率54.4%）和保持富含纤维的饮食（仅4.4%每日摄入纤维≥30克）。总体遵循情况在≥60岁女性中更佳（SPR=1.55；95%CI=1.09–2.22），而在每日热量摄入≥2000千卡（SPR=0.48；95%CI=0.37–0.62）或患有≥2种合并症（SPR=0.66；95%CI=0.49–0.89）的患者中较差。维持健康体重的遵循度在≥2种合并症及III-IV期肿瘤患者中较低。体力活动建议的遵循度在职女性和≥2种合并症患者中较差。限制酒精摄入的遵循度在吸烟者中较低。年轻女性、吸烟者及低热量摄入者对果蔬建议的遵循度较低。所有亚组对纤维摄入及限制红肉/加工肉摄入的遵循度均不理想。限制快餐及含糖饮料的遵循度在年轻女性和高热量饮食者中较差。结论：不同特征患者对预防建议的遵循度存在显著差异，这为针对乳腺癌患者设计个性化干预方案提供了依据。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家