Cardiac tumors (CTs), although rare, can be a significant cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD), particularly when not diagnosed early. The tumors most associated with SCD include myxomas, fibromas, rhabdomyomas, and sarcomas, which can cause fatal arrhythmias, blood flow obstruction, or embolization. Myxomas, which often develop in the left atrium, can cause valvular obstruction or cerebral emboli, while malignant tumors, such as sarcomas, can infiltrate the myocardium or conduction system, causing serious arrhythmias. Rhabdomyomas, which are common in children and associated with tuberous sclerosis, can lead to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Early diagnosis using advanced imaging techniques such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging is crucial for preventing SCD. Timely diagnosis and precise characterization of lesions can help reduce the risk of SCD, thus improving the clinical management of patients, with the aim of supporting personalized treatment and improving life prospects. In this state-of-the-art review, we analyze the association between CTs and SCD, with particular attention to the histological features of benign and malignant neoplasms. Through an updated overview of the pathological aspects, we aim to improve the understanding of these tumors and promote a more effective multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach to prevent fatal events.
心脏肿瘤虽属罕见，却是导致心源性猝死的重要原因，尤其在未能早期诊断的情况下。与心源性猝死关联最密切的肿瘤包括黏液瘤、纤维瘤、横纹肌瘤及肉瘤，这些肿瘤可能引发致命性心律失常、血流梗阻或栓塞。常发生于左心房的黏液瘤可导致瓣膜梗阻或脑栓塞，而肉瘤等恶性肿瘤可能浸润心肌或传导系统，引发严重心律失常。多见于儿童且与结节性硬化症相关的横纹肌瘤则可导致室性快速性心律失常。运用超声心动图及磁共振成像等先进影像技术进行早期诊断对预防心源性猝死至关重要。及时诊断并精确评估病灶特征有助于降低心源性猝死风险，从而优化临床管理策略，以支持个体化治疗并改善患者生存前景。本前沿综述系统分析了心脏肿瘤与心源性猝死的关联机制，特别关注良恶性肿瘤的组织学特征。通过对病理学层面的最新概述，我们旨在深化对这些肿瘤的认知，推动建立更有效的多学科诊疗模式以预防致命事件发生。
Cardiac Tumors Causing Sudden Cardiac Death: A State-of-the-Art Review in Pathology
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家