Green tea consumption has been implicated in various biological activities, with particular emphasis on its anticancer properties. The antineoplastic effects of green tea are primarily attributed to its rich polyphenol content, among which, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is recognized as the most bioactive and potent catechin, responsible for the majority of its anticancer activity. This review provides a detailed examination of the in vitro and in vivo effects of green tea components, focusing on their potential therapeutic implications in colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanisms of action and bioactive constituents of green tea are systematically discussed, alongside an evaluation of experimental evidence supporting their efficacy. Furthermore, insights into the relationship between green tea dietary intake and colorectal cancer risk are analyzed, with a particular emphasis on clinical data and findings from meta-analyses involving patients diagnosed with colon cancer. The aggregated evidence underscores the necessity for well-designed randomized controlled trials and longitudinal cohort studies to substantiate the role of green tea as a chemopreventive agent. Additionally, future investigations should prioritize determining the optimal dosages, the appropriate durations of consumption, and the potential modulatory effects of dietary or lifestyle factors on green tea’s anticancer efficacy.
绿茶摄入与多种生物活性相关，其抗癌特性尤为引人关注。绿茶的抗肿瘤作用主要归因于其丰富的多酚类物质，其中表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）被公认为生物活性最强、效力最高的儿茶素，承担了绿茶大部分的抗癌活性。本综述系统探讨了绿茶成分在体外及体内的作用机制，重点关注其对结直肠癌的潜在治疗价值。文章系统阐述了绿茶活性成分的分子作用机制，评估了支持其功效的实验证据，并深入分析了绿茶膳食摄入与结直肠癌风险之间的关联，特别聚焦于结肠癌患者的临床数据及荟萃分析结果。现有证据表明，需要通过精心设计的随机对照试验和纵向队列研究来验证绿茶作为化学预防剂的作用。未来研究应重点确定绿茶的最佳摄入剂量、适宜饮用时长，以及饮食或生活方式因素对其抗癌功效的潜在调节作用。
Green Tea Components: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence for Their Anticancer Potential in Colon Cancer
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家