Due to the complex anatomy of the pelvis, various tumors may arise in this region. Some of these tumors are well known and have distinctive features that allow them to be identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These include sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), the most prevalent congenital tumor in children, often diagnosed prenatally and most frequently occurring in this anatomical location, and ovarian teratoma, which in its mature form is the most common ovarian neoplasm in children and adolescents. Additionally, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), commonly found in the bladder in both genders and in the prostate in males, and Ewing sarcoma (ES), affecting the flat bones of the pelvis, are relatively common tumors. In this study, selected atypical pelvic tumors in children are presented. Most of them are tumors of the reproductive system, such as cervical cancer, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary, ES/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the ovary, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the ovaries and ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) with RMS due to DICER1 syndrome. Additionally, tumors originating from the nervous system, including neuroblastoma (NBL) and plexiform neurofibroma (pNF), associated and not associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), are discussed. Furthermore, Rosai–Dorfman disease involving the pelvic and inguinal lymph nodes is presented. By reviewing the literature and presenting our cases, we tried to find radiological features of individual tumors that would bring the radiologist closer to the correct diagnosis, ensuring the implementation of appropriate treatment. However, the MR images cannot be considered in isolation. Additional patient data, such as the clinical picture, comorbidities/syndromes, and laboratory test results, are necessary.
由于骨盆解剖结构复杂，该区域可能发生多种肿瘤。其中部分肿瘤具有明确的磁共振成像（MRI）特征，例如儿童最常见的先天性肿瘤——骶尾部畸胎瘤（SCT），该肿瘤常于产前确诊且好发于该解剖部位；以及成熟型卵巢畸胎瘤，这是儿童及青少年中最常见的卵巢肿瘤。此外，横纹肌肉瘤（RMS）常见于两性膀胱及男性前列腺，而尤文肉瘤（ES）则好发于骨盆扁骨，均为相对常见的肿瘤类型。本研究聚焦儿童非典型盆腔肿瘤，其中以生殖系统肿瘤为主，包括宫颈癌、卵巢小细胞神经内分泌癌、卵巢ES/原始神经外胚层肿瘤（PNET）、卵巢弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL），以及DICER1综合征伴发的卵巢支持-间质细胞瘤（SLCT）合并RMS。同时探讨了神经系统来源的肿瘤，包括神经母细胞瘤（NBL）和丛状神经纤维瘤（pNF），无论是否与1型神经纤维瘤病（NF1）相关。此外还报道了累及盆腔及腹股沟淋巴结的罗道病。通过文献综述结合病例分析，我们试图探寻各类肿瘤的影像学特征，以协助放射科医师提高诊断准确性，确保实施适宜治疗。但需注意，MRI影像需结合患者临床特征、合并症/综合征及实验室检查结果进行综合研判。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家