We are on the brink of a paradigm shift in both theoretical and clinical oncology. Genomic and transcriptomic profiling, alongside personalized approaches that account for individual patient variability, are increasingly shaping discourse. Discussions on the future of personalized cancer medicine are mainly dominated by the potential of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which play a prominent role in cancer progression and metastasis formation by regulating the expression of oncogenic or tumor suppressor proteins at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels; furthermore, their cell-free counterparts might be involved in intercellular communication. Non-coding RNAs are considered to be promising biomarker candidates for early diagnosis of cancer as well as potential therapeutic agents. This review aims to provide clarity amidst the vast body of literature by focusing on diverse species of ncRNAs, exploring the structure, origin, function, and potential clinical applications of miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, eRNAs, paRNAs, YRNAs, vtRNAs, and piRNAs. We discuss molecular methods used for their detection or functional studies both in vitro and in vivo. We also address the challenges that must be overcome to enter a new era of cancer diagnosis and therapy that will reshape the future of oncology.
我们正站在理论与临床肿瘤学范式转变的临界点。基因组与转录组分析技术，以及考虑个体差异的个性化诊疗策略，正日益主导着学术讨论的走向。在关于个性化癌症医学未来的探讨中，非编码RNA（ncRNAs）的潜力成为焦点——它们通过在转录及转录后水平调控致癌或抑癌蛋白的表达，在癌症进展与转移形成中发挥关键作用；其游离形式还可能参与细胞间通讯。非编码RNA被视为极具前景的癌症早期诊断生物标志物候选者及潜在治疗剂。本文旨在梳理海量文献，聚焦于miRNA、siRNA、lncRNA、circRNA、snRNA、snoRNA、eRNA、paRNA、YRNA、vtRNA及piRNA等不同种类的非编码RNA，系统阐述其结构特征、来源、功能及潜在临床应用。我们探讨了用于体外与体内检测及功能研究的分子技术，并剖析了迈向癌症诊疗新时代必须克服的挑战——这将重塑肿瘤学的未来图景。
Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer: Structure, Function, and Clinical Application
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家