Background: The foreign-born population in the United States has reached a record high over the last three years. Significant disparities in cancer screening rates exist among this population, resulting in later-stage diagnoses and worse outcomes. This narrative review explores the sociodemographic factors, barriers, and interventions influencing cancer screening rates among foreign-born individuals in the U.S.Methods: A comprehensive review of studies was conducted to assess colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening disparities among immigrants. Factors examined include length of residence, race and ethnicity, income, education, citizenship, insurance, usual source of care, language, medical literacy, and cultural barriers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of educational interventions, patient navigators, and at-home testing in addressing these screening disparities was evaluated.Results: Immigrants have lower screening rates for colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer compared to U.S.-born individuals, with the largest disparities observed in colorectal cancer. Factors influencing these gaps include shorter duration of residence, Asian ethnicity, and lower income and education levels. Lack of health insurance and of a usual source of care are currently the most significant barriers to screening. Interventions such as education, patient navigation, and at-home testing have shown moderate success in improving screening rates, though data on their effectiveness remain limited.Conclusions: Addressing cancer screening disparities within the U.S. foreign-born population is essential, especially as the immigrant population continues to reach record numbers. Targeted interventions are needed to improve screening among immigrant groups with the lowest completion rates. Future research on these interventions should prioritize larger sample sizes, longitudinal studies, and the utility of new technologies such as artificial intelligence.
背景：过去三年间，美国的外国出生人口已达到历史新高。该人群在癌症筛查率方面存在显著差异，导致诊断延迟及预后不良。本文通过叙述性综述探讨影响美国外国出生人群癌症筛查率的社会人口学因素、障碍及干预措施。 方法：通过系统性文献回顾评估移民群体在结直肠癌、宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查方面的差异。考察因素包括居住时长、种族与民族、收入水平、教育程度、公民身份、医疗保险、常规医疗资源、语言能力、医疗素养及文化障碍。同时评估教育干预、患者导航服务和居家检测在改善筛查差异方面的有效性。 结果：与美国本土出生人群相比，移民群体的结直肠癌、宫颈癌和乳腺癌筛查率普遍较低，其中结直肠癌筛查差异最为显著。影响筛查差异的主要因素包括居住时间较短、亚裔身份以及较低的收入和教育水平。目前，缺乏医疗保险和常规医疗资源是阻碍筛查的最主要障碍。教育干预、患者导航和居家检测等措施在提高筛查率方面取得一定成效，但其有效性的数据支持仍显不足。 结论：随着美国移民人口持续增长，解决外国出生人群的癌症筛查差异至关重要。亟需针对筛查完成率最低的移民群体实施精准干预措施。未来相关研究应重点关注扩大样本量、开展纵向研究，并探索人工智能等新技术的应用价值。
肿瘤(癌症)患者之家